Cell Cycle Checkpointss
Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells which ensure proper division of the cell. The Cell Cycle consists of three checkpoints. These checkpoints are the G1 checkpoint, the G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint. These checkpoints all have different functions. Cells have many different mechanisms to restrict cell division, repair DNA damage, and prevent the development of cancer. Cancers are formed as cells acquire a series of mutations, or changes in DNA, that make them divide more quickly, escape internal and external controls on division, and avoid programmed cell death. The cell cycle is divided into three parts, Interphase,M phase, and Cytokinesis. The first part of the cell cycle starts out with interphase, the
phase where the cell spends most of its life at. Interphase promotes cellular growth and prepares for division. Interphase consists of three phases, G1 phase, G2 phase, and S phase. G1 phase is the first phase in interphase and the phases main function is to make the cell grow. S phase is the second phase in interphase and the phases main function is to fulfill the process of DNA replication. Precise and accurate DNA replication in the S phase is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities which often lead to cell death or disease. G2 phase is the third and final phase in interphase and the phases main function is to continue cell growth and produce new proteins. All of these phases combined while form interphase. After Interphase is completed, M phase or Mitosis while occur. M phase is when cell division occurs. The M phase consists of four stages, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Prophase is the first stage of mitosis and it developes the mitotic spindle. Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis and it aligns chromosomes on a metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis and it separates sister chromatids and they move to the opposite pole of the spindle. Telophase is the fourth and final stage of mitosis and it forms two nuclei. Once mitosis is complete the cell enters the last part of the cell cycle which is cytokinesis. Cytokinesis has the function of finally separating into two daughter cells.
phase where the cell spends most of its life at. Interphase promotes cellular growth and prepares for division. Interphase consists of three phases, G1 phase, G2 phase, and S phase. G1 phase is the first phase in interphase and the phases main function is to make the cell grow. S phase is the second phase in interphase and the phases main function is to fulfill the process of DNA replication. Precise and accurate DNA replication in the S phase is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities which often lead to cell death or disease. G2 phase is the third and final phase in interphase and the phases main function is to continue cell growth and produce new proteins. All of these phases combined while form interphase. After Interphase is completed, M phase or Mitosis while occur. M phase is when cell division occurs. The M phase consists of four stages, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Prophase is the first stage of mitosis and it developes the mitotic spindle. Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis and it aligns chromosomes on a metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis and it separates sister chromatids and they move to the opposite pole of the spindle. Telophase is the fourth and final stage of mitosis and it forms two nuclei. Once mitosis is complete the cell enters the last part of the cell cycle which is cytokinesis. Cytokinesis has the function of finally separating into two daughter cells.