chapter 13 notes
Conceptual Physics
11th Edition
Chapter 14:
GASES
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
This lecture will help you understand:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
The Barometer
Boyle’s Law
Buoyancy of Air
Bernoulli’s Principle
Plasma
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Atmosphere
Atmosphere
• Ocean of air
• Exerts pressure
The Magdeburghemispheres demonstration in 1654 by Otto von
Guericke showed the large magnitude of atmosphere’s pressure. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure
• Caused by weight of air
• Varies from one locality to another • Not uniform
• Measurements are used to predict weather conditions © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
• Pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere result from the weight of air pressing from above.
• At sea level is 101 kilopascals
(101 kPa).
• Weight of air pressing down on
1 m2 at sea level ~ 100,000 N, so atmospheric pressure is ~ 105 N/m2.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
• Pressure at the bottom of a column of air reaching to the top of the atmosphere is the same as the pressure at the bottom of a column of water 10.3 m high.
• Consequence: The highest the atmosphere can push water up into a vacuum pump is 10.3 m.
• Mechanical pumps that don’t depend on atmospheric pressure don’t have the 10.3-m limit.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
CHECK YOURSELF
The maximum height to which water can be drunk through a straw
A.
B.
C.
D.
is 10.3 m. is about 76 cm. has no limit.
None of the above.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
CHECK YOUR ANSWER
The maximum height to which water can be drunk through a straw
A.
B.
C.
D.
is 10.3 m. is about 76 cm. has no limit.
None of the above.
Explanation:
However strong your lungs may be, or whatever device you use to make a vacuum in the
11th Edition
Chapter 14:
GASES
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
This lecture will help you understand:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
The Barometer
Boyle’s Law
Buoyancy of Air
Bernoulli’s Principle
Plasma
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Atmosphere
Atmosphere
• Ocean of air
• Exerts pressure
The Magdeburghemispheres demonstration in 1654 by Otto von
Guericke showed the large magnitude of atmosphere’s pressure. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure
• Caused by weight of air
• Varies from one locality to another • Not uniform
• Measurements are used to predict weather conditions © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
• Pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere result from the weight of air pressing from above.
• At sea level is 101 kilopascals
(101 kPa).
• Weight of air pressing down on
1 m2 at sea level ~ 100,000 N, so atmospheric pressure is ~ 105 N/m2.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
• Pressure at the bottom of a column of air reaching to the top of the atmosphere is the same as the pressure at the bottom of a column of water 10.3 m high.
• Consequence: The highest the atmosphere can push water up into a vacuum pump is 10.3 m.
• Mechanical pumps that don’t depend on atmospheric pressure don’t have the 10.3-m limit.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
CHECK YOURSELF
The maximum height to which water can be drunk through a straw
A.
B.
C.
D.
is 10.3 m. is about 76 cm. has no limit.
None of the above.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure
CHECK YOUR ANSWER
The maximum height to which water can be drunk through a straw
A.
B.
C.
D.
is 10.3 m. is about 76 cm. has no limit.
None of the above.
Explanation:
However strong your lungs may be, or whatever device you use to make a vacuum in the