Chapter 15 The Endocrine System
CHAPTER 15
The Endocrine System NOTES 1. Name 4 ways cells communicate with each other and name important characteristics of each.
Answers
a. gap junctions: really fast, nondirectional, part of nervous system b. neurotransmitters: fast, directional, specific, limited effects, part of nervous system c. paracrines: local tissue fluids, nondirectional, limited effects d. hormones: slower in onset, systemic in bloodstream, sustained effects
2. The area of the brain that is involved in regulating “primitive” functions like water balance, appetite, etc is the hypothalamus. It has both anatomic and functional connections to the pituitary gland or hypophysis by a narrow stalk, the infundibulum. The adenohypophysis or anterior …show more content…
With regard to the anterior pituitary, neurons in the hypothalamus secrete a group of compounds called releasing hormones that are absorbed into the primary capillaries. These compounds in turn effect the secretion of stimulating hormones into the secondary capillaries to take them all over the body by the blood. Some of these from the anterior pituitary are called tropic hormones because they stimulate specific endocrine glands. The two targeting the reproductive organs are called gonadotropins. Secretion of most tropic hormones is achieved by negative feedback of the target gland hormones acting on the hypothalamus. The non-tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary is …show more content…
The pancreas has both an exocrine function by secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine and an endocrine function by secreting insulin andglucagon into the blood by cells in the islets of Langerhans. Blood glucose levels are lowered by insulin by increasing the uptake of glucose by insulin-dependent tissues. Insulin-independent tissues include brain, liver, kidneys and red blood cells. Insulin is produced by beta cells while glucagon is made byalpha cells. Glucagon along with epinephrine, GH and glucocorticoids are hyperglycemic hormone that raise the blood levels of glucose.
17. The female gonads, or ovaries, under the influence of FSH, develop mature folliclescontaining an oocyte. The follicle cells secrete the hormone estrogen that causes the lining of the uterus to build up. A LH spike causes ovulation, and the surrounding follicle tissue develops into a corpus luteum that now also makes progesterone. Under the influence of progesterone, the lining of the uterus develops secretions to sustain an early embryo. If there is no production ofGnRH by the early embryo, the corpus luteum shrinks and the lining of the uterus sloughs in the process called
The Endocrine System NOTES 1. Name 4 ways cells communicate with each other and name important characteristics of each.
Answers
a. gap junctions: really fast, nondirectional, part of nervous system b. neurotransmitters: fast, directional, specific, limited effects, part of nervous system c. paracrines: local tissue fluids, nondirectional, limited effects d. hormones: slower in onset, systemic in bloodstream, sustained effects
2. The area of the brain that is involved in regulating “primitive” functions like water balance, appetite, etc is the hypothalamus. It has both anatomic and functional connections to the pituitary gland or hypophysis by a narrow stalk, the infundibulum. The adenohypophysis or anterior …show more content…
With regard to the anterior pituitary, neurons in the hypothalamus secrete a group of compounds called releasing hormones that are absorbed into the primary capillaries. These compounds in turn effect the secretion of stimulating hormones into the secondary capillaries to take them all over the body by the blood. Some of these from the anterior pituitary are called tropic hormones because they stimulate specific endocrine glands. The two targeting the reproductive organs are called gonadotropins. Secretion of most tropic hormones is achieved by negative feedback of the target gland hormones acting on the hypothalamus. The non-tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary is …show more content…
The pancreas has both an exocrine function by secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine and an endocrine function by secreting insulin andglucagon into the blood by cells in the islets of Langerhans. Blood glucose levels are lowered by insulin by increasing the uptake of glucose by insulin-dependent tissues. Insulin-independent tissues include brain, liver, kidneys and red blood cells. Insulin is produced by beta cells while glucagon is made byalpha cells. Glucagon along with epinephrine, GH and glucocorticoids are hyperglycemic hormone that raise the blood levels of glucose.
17. The female gonads, or ovaries, under the influence of FSH, develop mature folliclescontaining an oocyte. The follicle cells secrete the hormone estrogen that causes the lining of the uterus to build up. A LH spike causes ovulation, and the surrounding follicle tissue develops into a corpus luteum that now also makes progesterone. Under the influence of progesterone, the lining of the uterus develops secretions to sustain an early embryo. If there is no production ofGnRH by the early embryo, the corpus luteum shrinks and the lining of the uterus sloughs in the process called