Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Function

Chapter 3 Cloze Notes

CORNELL NOTES UNIT 2: Cells Directions: Create a Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function minimum of 5 questions in this column per page I. Cell Theory (Section 3.1) (average). You can use these questions during class A. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory or tutorial to better understand a topic; or at home to better understand 1. Discovery of Cells your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. a. Robert __________ (1665)—Used compound microscope to

look at tree bark called cork. Named hollow compartments “cells” b. Anton van _________________ (1674) —made more powerful single lens microscope. One of first to describe living cells c. More was learned as ______________ were improved 2. Cell Theory
Carbohydrates attached to proteins act like “________________ tags” B. Fluid Mosaic Model—describes ____________ of molecules in cell membrane. Flexible fluid-like lipid layer embedded with mosaic of _________________ C. Selective Permeability/Semipermeable/Selectively Permeable 1. Cell membrane lets some materials cross membrane but _______ others, it is ____________ in what passes through 2. Allows cell to maintain internal ________________ during changing conditions outside cell 3. _________ needed to move some molecules across membrane, others pass freely a. Depends on molecules _____ polarity, and _______________ inside versus outside cell b. ________ nonpolar pass through, small ____ molecules pass through protein channels, _____ molecules move within vesicles D. Chemical signals are transmitted across the cell membrane 1. _____________ detect signal molecules and perform ________ in response 2. Receptors bind to molecules called __________. a. When bound, receptor changes ___________ b. This changed shape affects how receptor _______________ with other molecules 3. Two types of receptor a. ___________________ receptor—(means “within” cell), can interact with DNA and start production of certain ____________ b. _____________ receptor—Molecules that ____ _______ cross membrane but can send message to inside of cell. Causes molecules inside cell to
Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis (Section 3.5) A. Proteins can transport materials __________ a concentration gradient 1. Transport proteins called ___________ move materials against a concentration gradient 2. Active Transport—moves molecules across a membrane from __________ concentration to _____________ concentration 3. Requires chemical energy in bonds of ________ molecule 4. Examples of active ________ proteins include, _________-potassium pumps in neuron cells and _________ pumps that + move hydrogen ions (H ) out of cells B. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport materials across the membrane in _______________ 1. Endocytosis—Movement of liquids or large molecules _______ a cell by engulfing them in a membrane a. Cell _____________ makes a pocket around substance, _______ breaks off inside cell becoming a vesicle. b. Phagocytosis—type of _______________ where cell engulfs large particles, means “cell eating” c. Plays key role in ______________ system, e.g., white blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria 2. Exocytosis—opposite of endocytosis, release of substances out of cell by fusion of __________ with membrane a. Occurs constantly in your body, e. g., neuron cells release ______________ to activate other neuron (nerve) cells, muscle cells or gland