Chapter 3-4 Nutrition Study Question Paper
Nutrition Study Guide, Chapters 3-4
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__E__ 1. How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread? a. | White bread is just as nutritious because it has been enriched with iron, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, and folate. | b. | Whole-wheat bread is preferable because it is likely to contain several nutrients not added to white bread. | c. | Whole-wheat bread is higher in fiber content than white bread. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__B__ 2. The bones provide reserves of: a. | vitamins. | b. | calcium. | c. | glycogen. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__D__ 3. The …show more content…
liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into: a. | glycogen. | b. | protein. | c. | fat. | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__E__ 4. Which of the following deliver(s) one-half ounce of ethanol? a. | 5 ounces of wine | b. | 2 ounces hard liquor | c. | 12 ounces beer | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__C__ 5. Which of the following is not a major source of soluble fiber? a. | fruits | c. | brown rice | b. | legumes | d. | Vegetables |
__D__ 6. Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes? a. | the person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas | b. | the pancreas no longer produces insulin | c. | the person is usually overweight | d. | a and b | e. | |
__D__ 7. Research has shown the following relationship between carbohydrate in the diet and body weight: a. | as people in other countries adopt "Western" style diets, they lose weight. | b. | low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets result in a greater long-term weight loss. | c. | people with higher carbohydrate intakes have higher body weights. | d. | whole-food diets containing fiber favor a healthy body weight. |
_D___ 8. If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply? a. | fiber does not play any role in the health of the colon so it is not necessary to eat large amounts in the diet | b. | there is strong scientific evidence that high-fiber diets reduce colon cancer, so it should definitely be included in everyone's diet | c. | you cannot eat enough fiber to receive the benefit, so you need to also include fiber supplements | d. | a possible role of fiber in the colon is to provide butyrate as energy to keep the colon cells healthy and resistant to chemical damage causing cell changes |
_C___ 9. Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body? a. | galactose | c. | Glucose | b. | fructose | d. | Lactose |
__C__ 10. When comparing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in foods, the conversion to glucose will vary because: a. | starch is completely digested in the mouth by the enzymes in the saliva. | b. | sucrose is absorbed into the blood and transported to the liver be converted to glucose. | c. | disaccharides are easily split into monosaccharides in the intestine and absorbed. | d. | all starch is very easily digested. |
___B_ 11. Fiber has been recommended in the diet for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol? a. | soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted through the liver | b. | viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces | c. | insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces | d. | insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol |
__A__ 12. The form of starch that is most easily digested in the body is: a. | oatmeal. | c. | cooked beans. | b. | barley. | d. | white flour. |
___A_ 13. The condition of inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated: a. | may involve loss of function of the affected body part. | b. | is an abnormal, unhealthy response to cell injury. | c. | is difficult to detect because it has no obvious symptoms. | d. | results in decreased white cells. |
__A__ 14. A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100-calorie diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbohydrate. How many grams of carbohydrate would that be? a. | 236 | c. | 105 | b. | 337 | d. | 135 |
__C__ 15. Complex carbohydrates: a.
| include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units. | b. | are known as the monosaccharides and disaccharides. | c. | are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__B__ 16. What would be the best advice to give for physical activity for a person with diabetes? a. | individuals with type 1 diabetes should always avoid strenuous activity because it may cause too much of a drop in blood glucose | b. | regular physical activity is beneficial for controlling weight and tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes | c. | physical activity needs to be strenuous enough to result in weight loss for it to be of benefit in type 2 diabetes | d. | although physical activity has health benefits, it does not improve status of individuals with diabetes |
__A__ 17. If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that: a. | antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while. | b. | acid reducers are effective for neutralizing acid already present in the stomach. | c. | antacids are a good treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). …show more content…
| d. | heartburn medicine is best if taken with a large glass of liquid during a meal. |
__C__ 18. Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day? a. | mineral-rich foods | c. | carbohydrate-containing foods | b. | fat-containing foods | d. | vitamin-rich foods |
__A__ 19. In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by: a. | shrinking to a much smaller surface. | b. | increasing the amount of nutrients absorbed. | c. | increasing intestinal muscle activity. | d. | expanding to a much larger surface. |
__B__ 20. Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions? a. | protein | c. | Ketones | b. | carbohydrate | d. | Fat |
_B___ 21. Sugar has been implicated by many people in some major health problems; however, the only effect of sugar on health that has been shown scientifically is that: a. | eating high levels of concentrated sugar puts a strain on the pancreas, leading to diabetes. | b. | in developing countries, added sugar is providing more energy to the diet while people are decreasing their physical activity. | c. | children who eat large amounts of sugar will develop symptoms of hyperactivity. | d. | sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie level, physical activity, and fat intake remain the same as in people who do not consume the same amount of sugar. |
_C___ 22. To magnify the sweetness of foods without boosting their calories, you would: a. | serve sweet food warm. | b. | reduce the sugar added to recipes by one-half. | c. | use small amounts of sugar substitutes in place of sucrose. | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__D__ 23. Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because: a. | their sugars are diluted in large volumes of water. | b. | they are packaged with fiber. | c. | they are less nutrient dense. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__C__ 24. Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of: a. | the small intestine to absorb water and create the paste that forms feces. | b. | the stomach to gently release foods into the small intestine. | c. | peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract. | d. | chewing to allow some nutrients to be absorbed into the body through the tongue. |
__A__ 25. Digestion of most starch begins in the: a. | mouth. | c. | esophagus. | b. | small intestine. | d. | stomach. |
__D__ 26. It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because: a. | the sun converts green leaves to seeds for energy. | b.
| light energy from the sun is used in photosynthesis to create chemical energy in the plant. | c. | the sun warms the soil to create glucose in the roots of plants. | d. | oxygen is absorbed into plant leaves to create chlorophyll, which is converted to glucose. |
__D__ 27. Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by: a. | transport through the lymph system to the heart for distribution. | b. | transport to the heart which then delivers them to the individual cells in the body. | c. | transport to the kidneys which send them to the cells in the body. | d. | transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues. |
_A___ 28. Which statement about the effects of fructose on lipid metabolism is accurate? a. | consumption of large amounts of purified fructose causes fat to accumulate in the blood and liver | b. | foods containing natural fructose have the same effect on blood lipids as purified fructose | c. | fructose can make a person fat even when the calorie intake does not exceed the body's energy need | d. | high fructose corn syrup (HCFS) has a much different metabolic effect on lipids than sucrose when eaten in the same amounts
|
__C__ 29. Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product? a. | unbleached flour | c. | whole grain | b. | wheat flour | d. | brown bread |
__D__ 30. Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate? a. | a slice of bread | b. | cup of cooked corn | c. | 1 cup of dried fruit | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__C__ 31. When the colon is not functioning properly, complications that may arise include: a. | constipation, which can best be relieved with laxatives used on a regular basis. | b. | diarrhea, which can be corrected by colonic irrigation. | c. | irritable bowel syndrome caused by stress and lack of physical activity. | d. | indigested foods from improper combinations that cannot be digested completely. |
__C__ 32. The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to: a. | prevent nutrients from being absorbed. | b. | reduce the absorbing surface of the intestines. | c. | trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells. | d. | move food components through the intestinal tract to be removed from the body. |
___A_ 33. Alcohol affects body functions in all of the following ways except: a. | it slows down the synthesis of fatty acids. | b. | it causes symptoms like those of gout. | c. | it alters amino acid metabolism. | d. | it weakens the body's defenses against infection. |
__C__ 34. Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever? a. | muscle cells | c. | brain cells | b. | skin cells | d. | red blood cells |
__C__ 35. Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals? a. | Eating a meal late at night is desirable because it facilitates sleep. | b. | A meal should be consumed immediately before exercise to enhance physical work. | c. | Timing of meals is important to feeling well. | d. | Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest foods at certain times. |
_C___ 36. What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms? a. | T-cells release a chemical trail for identification of invaders | b. | B-cells engulf and digest the foreign particles | c. | killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity | d. | phagocytes release antibodies into the bloodstream against invaders |
__A__ 37. In the past three decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has: a. | increased along with calorie intake. | b. | decreased while fat intake has increased. | c. | increased along with fat intake. | d. | decreased while protein intake has increased. |
__C__ 38. Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: a. | insulin resistance of the body's cells. | b. | blood insulin levels that rise too high. | c. | a pancreas that makes too little or no insulin. | d. | blood glucose levels that rise too high. |
__B__ 39. Hormones are secreted and released into the blood by _____. a. | antibodies | c. | enzymes | b. | glands | d. | antigens |
__B__ 40. A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if: a. | drinks are consumed quickly. | b. | the stomach is empty. | c. | the drink is not diluted with water. | d. | carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time. |
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
__F__ 41. Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes.
___T_ 42. The increase in added sugars in the diet is the main cause of the increase in obesity today.
_T___ 43. The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control.
_F___ 44. The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.
__T__ 45. Cells are organized into tissues that perform specialized tasks and tissues, in turn, are grouped together to form whole organs.
_F___ 46. Carbohydrate has been rightly accused of being the fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to consume fewer starchy foods.
__F__ 47. Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.
__F__ 48. Chewing food for an extended time provides additional advantages to digestion.
__T__ 49. Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.
__T__ 50. Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__E__ 1. How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread? a. | White bread is just as nutritious because it has been enriched with iron, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, and folate. | b. | Whole-wheat bread is preferable because it is likely to contain several nutrients not added to white bread. | c. | Whole-wheat bread is higher in fiber content than white bread. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__B__ 2. The bones provide reserves of: a. | vitamins. | b. | calcium. | c. | glycogen. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__D__ 3. The …show more content…
liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into: a. | glycogen. | b. | protein. | c. | fat. | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__E__ 4. Which of the following deliver(s) one-half ounce of ethanol? a. | 5 ounces of wine | b. | 2 ounces hard liquor | c. | 12 ounces beer | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__C__ 5. Which of the following is not a major source of soluble fiber? a. | fruits | c. | brown rice | b. | legumes | d. | Vegetables |
__D__ 6. Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes? a. | the person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas | b. | the pancreas no longer produces insulin | c. | the person is usually overweight | d. | a and b | e. | |
__D__ 7. Research has shown the following relationship between carbohydrate in the diet and body weight: a. | as people in other countries adopt "Western" style diets, they lose weight. | b. | low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets result in a greater long-term weight loss. | c. | people with higher carbohydrate intakes have higher body weights. | d. | whole-food diets containing fiber favor a healthy body weight. |
_D___ 8. If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply? a. | fiber does not play any role in the health of the colon so it is not necessary to eat large amounts in the diet | b. | there is strong scientific evidence that high-fiber diets reduce colon cancer, so it should definitely be included in everyone's diet | c. | you cannot eat enough fiber to receive the benefit, so you need to also include fiber supplements | d. | a possible role of fiber in the colon is to provide butyrate as energy to keep the colon cells healthy and resistant to chemical damage causing cell changes |
_C___ 9. Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body? a. | galactose | c. | Glucose | b. | fructose | d. | Lactose |
__C__ 10. When comparing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in foods, the conversion to glucose will vary because: a. | starch is completely digested in the mouth by the enzymes in the saliva. | b. | sucrose is absorbed into the blood and transported to the liver be converted to glucose. | c. | disaccharides are easily split into monosaccharides in the intestine and absorbed. | d. | all starch is very easily digested. |
___B_ 11. Fiber has been recommended in the diet for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol? a. | soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted through the liver | b. | viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces | c. | insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces | d. | insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol |
__A__ 12. The form of starch that is most easily digested in the body is: a. | oatmeal. | c. | cooked beans. | b. | barley. | d. | white flour. |
___A_ 13. The condition of inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated: a. | may involve loss of function of the affected body part. | b. | is an abnormal, unhealthy response to cell injury. | c. | is difficult to detect because it has no obvious symptoms. | d. | results in decreased white cells. |
__A__ 14. A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100-calorie diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbohydrate. How many grams of carbohydrate would that be? a. | 236 | c. | 105 | b. | 337 | d. | 135 |
__C__ 15. Complex carbohydrates: a.
| include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units. | b. | are known as the monosaccharides and disaccharides. | c. | are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__B__ 16. What would be the best advice to give for physical activity for a person with diabetes? a. | individuals with type 1 diabetes should always avoid strenuous activity because it may cause too much of a drop in blood glucose | b. | regular physical activity is beneficial for controlling weight and tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes | c. | physical activity needs to be strenuous enough to result in weight loss for it to be of benefit in type 2 diabetes | d. | although physical activity has health benefits, it does not improve status of individuals with diabetes |
__A__ 17. If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that: a. | antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while. | b. | acid reducers are effective for neutralizing acid already present in the stomach. | c. | antacids are a good treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). …show more content…
| d. | heartburn medicine is best if taken with a large glass of liquid during a meal. |
__C__ 18. Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day? a. | mineral-rich foods | c. | carbohydrate-containing foods | b. | fat-containing foods | d. | vitamin-rich foods |
__A__ 19. In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by: a. | shrinking to a much smaller surface. | b. | increasing the amount of nutrients absorbed. | c. | increasing intestinal muscle activity. | d. | expanding to a much larger surface. |
__B__ 20. Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions? a. | protein | c. | Ketones | b. | carbohydrate | d. | Fat |
_B___ 21. Sugar has been implicated by many people in some major health problems; however, the only effect of sugar on health that has been shown scientifically is that: a. | eating high levels of concentrated sugar puts a strain on the pancreas, leading to diabetes. | b. | in developing countries, added sugar is providing more energy to the diet while people are decreasing their physical activity. | c. | children who eat large amounts of sugar will develop symptoms of hyperactivity. | d. | sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie level, physical activity, and fat intake remain the same as in people who do not consume the same amount of sugar. |
_C___ 22. To magnify the sweetness of foods without boosting their calories, you would: a. | serve sweet food warm. | b. | reduce the sugar added to recipes by one-half. | c. | use small amounts of sugar substitutes in place of sucrose. | d. | a and b | e. | a and c |
__D__ 23. Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because: a. | their sugars are diluted in large volumes of water. | b. | they are packaged with fiber. | c. | they are less nutrient dense. | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__C__ 24. Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of: a. | the small intestine to absorb water and create the paste that forms feces. | b. | the stomach to gently release foods into the small intestine. | c. | peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract. | d. | chewing to allow some nutrients to be absorbed into the body through the tongue. |
__A__ 25. Digestion of most starch begins in the: a. | mouth. | c. | esophagus. | b. | small intestine. | d. | stomach. |
__D__ 26. It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because: a. | the sun converts green leaves to seeds for energy. | b.
| light energy from the sun is used in photosynthesis to create chemical energy in the plant. | c. | the sun warms the soil to create glucose in the roots of plants. | d. | oxygen is absorbed into plant leaves to create chlorophyll, which is converted to glucose. |
__D__ 27. Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by: a. | transport through the lymph system to the heart for distribution. | b. | transport to the heart which then delivers them to the individual cells in the body. | c. | transport to the kidneys which send them to the cells in the body. | d. | transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues. |
_A___ 28. Which statement about the effects of fructose on lipid metabolism is accurate? a. | consumption of large amounts of purified fructose causes fat to accumulate in the blood and liver | b. | foods containing natural fructose have the same effect on blood lipids as purified fructose | c. | fructose can make a person fat even when the calorie intake does not exceed the body's energy need | d. | high fructose corn syrup (HCFS) has a much different metabolic effect on lipids than sucrose when eaten in the same amounts
|
__C__ 29. Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product? a. | unbleached flour | c. | whole grain | b. | wheat flour | d. | brown bread |
__D__ 30. Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate? a. | a slice of bread | b. | cup of cooked corn | c. | 1 cup of dried fruit | d. | a and b | e. | b and c |
__C__ 31. When the colon is not functioning properly, complications that may arise include: a. | constipation, which can best be relieved with laxatives used on a regular basis. | b. | diarrhea, which can be corrected by colonic irrigation. | c. | irritable bowel syndrome caused by stress and lack of physical activity. | d. | indigested foods from improper combinations that cannot be digested completely. |
__C__ 32. The purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to: a. | prevent nutrients from being absorbed. | b. | reduce the absorbing surface of the intestines. | c. | trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells. | d. | move food components through the intestinal tract to be removed from the body. |
___A_ 33. Alcohol affects body functions in all of the following ways except: a. | it slows down the synthesis of fatty acids. | b. | it causes symptoms like those of gout. | c. | it alters amino acid metabolism. | d. | it weakens the body's defenses against infection. |
__C__ 34. Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever? a. | muscle cells | c. | brain cells | b. | skin cells | d. | red blood cells |
__C__ 35. Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals? a. | Eating a meal late at night is desirable because it facilitates sleep. | b. | A meal should be consumed immediately before exercise to enhance physical work. | c. | Timing of meals is important to feeling well. | d. | Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest foods at certain times. |
_C___ 36. What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms? a. | T-cells release a chemical trail for identification of invaders | b. | B-cells engulf and digest the foreign particles | c. | killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity | d. | phagocytes release antibodies into the bloodstream against invaders |
__A__ 37. In the past three decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has: a. | increased along with calorie intake. | b. | decreased while fat intake has increased. | c. | increased along with fat intake. | d. | decreased while protein intake has increased. |
__C__ 38. Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: a. | insulin resistance of the body's cells. | b. | blood insulin levels that rise too high. | c. | a pancreas that makes too little or no insulin. | d. | blood glucose levels that rise too high. |
__B__ 39. Hormones are secreted and released into the blood by _____. a. | antibodies | c. | enzymes | b. | glands | d. | antigens |
__B__ 40. A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if: a. | drinks are consumed quickly. | b. | the stomach is empty. | c. | the drink is not diluted with water. | d. | carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time. |
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
__F__ 41. Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes.
___T_ 42. The increase in added sugars in the diet is the main cause of the increase in obesity today.
_T___ 43. The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control.
_F___ 44. The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.
__T__ 45. Cells are organized into tissues that perform specialized tasks and tissues, in turn, are grouped together to form whole organs.
_F___ 46. Carbohydrate has been rightly accused of being the fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to consume fewer starchy foods.
__F__ 47. Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.
__F__ 48. Chewing food for an extended time provides additional advantages to digestion.
__T__ 49. Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.
__T__ 50. Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types.