Chapter 36 Ap World History Corder
Bentley Part VII Chapter 36 AP World History Corder
Directions: This is a very comprehensive and detailed chapter that must be taken in a little at a time. Do not attempt this study guide in one sitting. Instead, plan scheduled times to read and answer questions during the week. For maximum retention, you are encouraged to read approximately 5-7 pages a night and to answer the corresponding questions.
1) What does Shanfei’s story reveal about China in the early 20th century?
2) What did Gertrude Stein’s term, “lost generation,” signify about the U. S. and Europe? Briefly summarize the main points of Oswald Spengler’s The Decline of the West. Was Spengler right?
3) How did theologians join in the pessimistic attitudes …show more content…
of the time? Identify one theologian and briefly discuss his views of the time. Why were science and technology attacked after the Great War? Why was democracy attacked?
4) Discuss a couple of cultural developments in this period that illustrate contemporary views of the world post-war.
5) What led to the withdrawal of capital from Europe in 1928 by U.S. lenders and investors?
6) “Improvements in industrial processes reduced worldwide demand for certain ________________ causing an increase in supplies and a drop in _______________. Technological advances in the production of ______________________, for instance, permitted the use of reclaimed _______________. The resulting glut of natural rubber had devastating consequences for the economies of the ____________________________, Ceylon, and Malaysia, which relied on the export of ____________. Similarly, the increased use of _______ undermined the coal industry, the emergence of synthetics hurt the _____________ industry, and the growing adoption of __________________ virtually ruined the nitrate industry of _____________.”
7) What caused the depressed state of agriculture in the 1920’s? Provide a specific example to illustrate.
8) What was Black Thursday? What exactly happened? How did this event impact the lives of people? Be specific.
9) By 1932, industrial production had fallen to half its 1929 level.
National ___________ had dropped by approximately half. Forty-four percent of U.S. ___________ were out of business, and the deposits of __________ of people had disappeared. Because much of the world’s prosperity depended on the __________ of U.S. capital and the strength of U.S. import markets, the contraction of the U.S. economy created a ripple effect that circled the _______________. Nations that relied on exports of _____________________ to pay for imported fuel and food – Germany and ________ in particular—suffered the most. The depression also spread unevenly to primary producing economies in _________________,________________, and ________________. Hardest hit were countries that depended on the export of a few primary products--_____________________________ goods, such as coffee, sugar, and ________________, and raw materials, such as minerals, ores, and ___________________.
10) Explain the economic relationship between the U.S., Germany, and the rest of Europe during this period. How, in spite of this, did Germany remain a leading economic power? What was the impact of the reduction in foreign …show more content…
trade?
11) Why were Latin American states vulnerable to the effects of the depression? What was the impact? Give specific regions and examples. Describe the efforts of Brazilian dictator-president Getulio Dornelle Vargas (1883-1954) to turn his nation into an Estado Novo or New State. What specifically did he do? Give three examples.
12) Why did many areas in Africa remain unaffected by the Depression? Why did China remain mostly unaffected? What about the Philippines?
13) What were the unemployment figures in 1933 in industrial societies? What had they been in 1929? Why did employers prefer female workers during this time? How did the government respond to employers’ preferences of hiring females over males? What long-standing societal issues were reflected in such policies?
14) List three major social outcomes of the Great Depression that show the enormous personal suffering that occurred during this time. What were “shanty towns”? What major work written by John Steinbeck in 1939 captured the social suffering? According to Steinbeck, what was “planned scarcity”? Read the passage provided in your book. What human suffering is illustrated in this passage?
15) “Classical economic thought held that _____________________ was a self-correcting system that operated best when left to its own _____________.” Governments responded to the economic crisis in two ways. What were they? “In either case, the _______________ prescription for economic ills worsened the depression’s impact” and showed that “capitalism seemed to be ________________.”
16) What did economist John Maynard Keynes offer as a solution in his work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936)? Identify 2-3 ideas from his plan.
17) What U.S. president heeded the advice of Keynes after World War II? What was his plan called? What were some key features of this plan? Ultimately, what brought the U.S. out of the Great Depression? Explain.
18) In 1917, _________________ and his fellow Bolsheviks had take power in the name of the Russian working class, but _______________ victory did not bring peace and stability to the lands of the former Russian empire. After seizing power, ______________ and his supporters had to defend the world’s first “dictatorship of the _________________ against numerous enemies including dissident _________________, anti-Bolshevik officers and troops, _____________ bands, and foreign military forces.” If you do not remember the meaning of “Bolshevik,” “socialist,” “proletariat,” and “dissident,” please look them up!!!!
19) What two groups fought in the Russian civil war that took place from 1918 to 1920? Describe some of the activities of Lenin’s Red Terror campaign. Of the two groups, which did the peasantry support and why? Which did the military support and why? Which group did Russia’s former allies support? Why? What was the outcome of the civil war?
20) Describe four of the policies of “war communism” carried out by the Bolshevik government. What were three negative consequences of these policies?
21) What was the purpose of Lenin’s New Economic Policy? Identify three specific aspects of this policy.
22) What was the Politburo? What was the Politburo’s position on socialism? After Lenin’s death, _____________________ promoted the idea of ______________________________________. What was the goal of Stalin’s Five Year Plan? What was at the core of Stalin’s plan? What message did Stalin communicate to the Soviet people? “Integral to the drive for industrialization was the collectivization of ________________. The Soviet state expropriated privately owned land to created _____________________ or ________________ farm units whose profits were shared by all ________________.” What did Stalin hope to accomplish with his plan? What were the consequences of his plan?
23) Why was the 1934 “Congress of Victors” considered the “Congress of Victims”? Complete: “The victims faced ____________________ or long-term suffering in _______________. In 1939, eight million Soviet citizens were in labor camps, and ____________ million were dead as a result of the ‘______________,’ as Stalin’s supporters termed this process.”
24) Why were the social and political upheavals of the former Russian empire so important?
25) “While socialism was transforming the former Russian empire, another political force swept across Europe after the Great War. ______________, a political movement and ideology that sought to create a new type of society, developed as a reaction against liberal ______________ and the spread of socialism and _________________. The term _____________ comes from the fasces, an ancient ___________ symbol of punitive authority consisting of a bundle of wooden __________ strapped together around an _______. In 1919 ____________________ adopted this symbol for the Italian fascist movement that governed ________ during the years from 1922 to 1943. Movements comparable to Italian fascism developed and dominated political life in many ___________ societies, most notably in _____________ in the guise of National Socialism or _________. Potential fascist movements sprang up during the 1930’s in _______, ____________, and ________________ in Latin American societies like ___________ and ________________; and in several __________ lands. Nevertheless, these candidates for fascism never reproduced the major characteristics of ____________ fascism., and fascism remained a European phenomenon of the era between the two _____________.”
26) To whom did fascism appeal? “Asserting that society faced a profound crisis, fascists sought to create a new ____________________ community, which they defined either as a nation-state or as a unique _______________ or racial group. As part of their quest, ______________ movements commonly dedicated themselves to the revival of allegedly lost _____________ traditions, and hence, differed widely. Nevertheless, most fascist movements shared certain common features, such as the _________________ of the state, a devotion to a strong _______________, and an emphasis on _______________________, ___________________, and _________________________.” By the way, what is ethnocentrism?
27) “Strong and often ________________ leaders, such as Benito Mussolini in __________ or Adolf Hitler in ___________, embodied the state and claimed indisputable ___________________. Fascists were hostil to liberal ___________________, its devotion to ________________, and its ______________, which they viewed as weak and ______________.” By the way, what does decadent mean? “ Fascist movements also emphasized a belligerent form of _________________ and a fear of foreign people ( ________________). The typical fascist state embraced _____________________. In practice militarism meant that fascist regimes maintained large and expensive _________________ establishments and showed a fondness for _____________, ____________, and ______________________________ architecture.”
28) When and where did the first fascist movement originate? What conditions helped feed the movement? Who was the guiding force behind the movement?
29) _____________________________ was convinced that the war represented a turning point for the nation. He argued that the ________________ returning from the front would transform ______________ society. After the ___________________, Mussolini promoted a program that stressed ______________, the repression of __________________, and called for a strong ____________________.
30) How did Mussolini gain support for his program and establish himself as dictator of Italy? Be specific. Outline key events from 1920 to 1926. Don’t forget the Blackshirts or Il Duce, “the leader” in your list. You should have at least five key events on your list.
31) Describe some of the actions of Il Duce between 1926 and 1932. Identify at least three things he did to suppress the people of Italy.
32) What specific actions did the fascist state of Italy take against Jews? “This development may have been occasioned by Mussolini’s newly found friendship with fellow dictator, _____________________. In 1936 Mussolini told his followers that from now on, world history would revolve around a ____________________. In May 1939, the leaders of fascist _____________ and Nazi _____________________ formalized their political, military, and ideological alliance by signing a ten-year ________________________.”
33) Describe 3 key events in the life of Adolf Hitler that strongly influenced his attitudes and rise to chairman of the party now known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
34) How was Hitler able to gain such a wide following?
Provide three specific pieces of evidence in your answer. “National Socialism appealed to members of the lower to middle classes: ruined ______________ and artisans, impoverished _________________, discharged white collar ________________, and disenchanted _____________________. The impact of the _______________________ and political infighting led to bloody street battles, shaking the foundation of Germany’s fragile young _____________________. The leader’s of the nation’s democratic and liberal parties groped for ______________ to mounting _______________ but were hindered by lack of consensus and the public’s loss of faith in the __________________
system.
35) Describe the Nazi government under the German Reich (empire) and the newly appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler.
36) The leaders of the Third Reich pursued the creation of a ____________ based national community… Implicit in this racial remodeling was the conviction that there was no room for the racially “ ________________ “ or for “ ______________________ outsiders.”
37) Identify four specific actions of the Nazi party to increase births of “racially valuable” children. What impact did this plan have on the role of women in German society?
38) Starting in 1933, the Nazi regime initiated a compulsory _________________ program for men and women whom the regime had identified as having “ ______________ _______________” sickness, including _______________, feeblemindedness, manic _____________, hereditary _________________, hereditary ______________, chronic _______________, and serious physical ________________. Between 1934 and 1939, more than ___________ men and women underwent compulsory ________________. By the way, what is meant by compulsory? If you don’t know, look it up.
39) Beginning in 1935, the government also sanctioned ____________________, otherwise illegal in ___________, of the “hereditary ill” and “racial aliens.” Between 1939 and 1945, the Nazis systematically killed by _________, lethal injections, or starvation, those people judged useless to society, especially the physically and mentally _______________. Nazi eugenics measures served as a precursor to the wholesale __________________ of peoples classified as racial inferiors, such as _____________ and ____________. Anti-Semitism, or prejudice against __________, was a key element in the design to achieve a new racial order and became the hallmark of ____________________ rule.
40) Read Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler on page 1024. Write down three specific quotes from the selection that illustrate Hitler’s views on Aryan superiority. If you don’t know what “Aryan” means, look it up.
41) What were some of the measures used by the Nazis to suppress Germany’s Jewish population? What was the result of the exodus of Jews in the 1930’s? What was Kristallnacht? Why was it so significant? How many Jews had left Germany by 1938?
42) In the decades following the Great War, nationalism developed into a powerful political force in _________, especially in ______ and ________, where growing numbers of people were influenced by the self-determination concept that was one of the legacies of the Paris Peace Conference. Let’s revisit: what is self-determination? If you don’t know, go back and look it up.
43) By the beginning of the 20th century, Indian ________________ threatened the British empire’s hold on India. Discuss some of the social and economic events that promoted nationalism among the Indian people. How did the European education system in India promote nationalism among the Indian people?
44) What was the most influential association dedicated to the struggle against British imperial rule? When was it founded? This organization enlisted the support of many prominent ____________ and _________________ and stressed collaboration with the ____________ to bring self-rule to India, but after the Great War, the congress pursued this goal in ______________ to the British.
45) How did the formation of the Muslim league complicate India’s struggle for independence from the British?
46) How were Indian attitudes different before and after the Great War? What caused this change in attitude? Discuss 2 or 3 different events that brought about the change. How did the British government respond?
47) Where was Mohandas Gandhi living when he developed his moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) and passive resistance called satyagraha (truth and firmness)? Describe some of the practices he embraced during this time. What impact did Gandhi have on the Indian National Congress? How did Gandhi become known as the Indian people’s Mahatma or “great soul”? “Gandhi was determined to eradicate the injustices of the ____________________. He fought especially hard to improve the status of the lowest classes of society, the casteless ____________________, whom he called “jarijans,” which means: _________________________________.
48) Under Gandhi’s leadership what were some of the specific ideas outlined in the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-1922? What event showed the extent of the British brutality in India?
49) What political compromise was offered by the British? What was the result? How did the India Act divide India’s population? Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and what proposal did he offer? What reality was reflected in his proposal?
50) In a sentence or two, briefly summarize China’s revolution of 1911. What was the result?
51) Describe the political and economic climate in China after the republic was established in 1912. In your description, provide 3-4 specific characteristics.
52) What events gave rise to the May Fourth Movement? Who spearheaded the movement and what was the basis for their protests? What medium did students leaders like Shanfei use to rally comrades to their cause?
53) “Disillusioned by the cynical self-interest of the ______________ and the _______________ powers, some Chinese became interested in Marxist thought as modified by _____________ and the social and economic experiments under way in the Soviet Union. In 1921, the __________________________________________ was organized in Shang-hai. Among its early members was _____________, a former teacher and librarian who viewed a Marxist-inspired social revolution as the cure for China’s problems. Mao’s political radicalism extended to the issue of ____________ equality. Chinese _______________ believed in divorce, opposed arranged marriages, and campaigned against the practice of ________________.
54) How were the goals of Sun Yatsen? How did he attempt to do this? As a result of intervention by Soviet advisors, what relationship was established between the CCP and the NPP or Guomindang? What did Jiang Jieshi do to disrupt the relationship? What was the end result?
55) What three major problems did the new national government face in the 1930’s?
56) What was the Long March? What exactly happened? Who emerged as a leader? Describe the basis of his ideology, Marxist-Leninism or Maoism as it came to be called.
57) Describe the short and long-term economic effects of the Great War on Japan. What were the two differing perspectives on Japan’s place in the world?
58) “China’s unification, aided by international attempts to reinstate its sovereignty, threatened ____________’s economic interest in Manchuria. Political instability, the result of nationalists and ______________ vying for power, made China an inviting target. ____________ had historically been Chinese territory, but by the 20th century, it was a sphere of influence where Japan maintained the ________________ Railroad, retained transit rights, and stationed ____________. In 1931, Japan’s military forces in ________________ acted to assert control over the region.
59) What was the Mukden Incident and why was it significant? How did Japan benefit?
60) In response to the ____________________ invasion, the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) leader Jiang Jieshi appealed to the ______________________ to halt Japanese aggression. After an investigation, the league called for the withdrawal of ______________________ forces and for the restoration of ______________ sovereignty. The Japanese responded by leaving the __________________. Embarking on conquests in east Asia, Japanese militarists found a sure means to promote a new militant __________________national identify. Look at the map on page 1030. What areas did Japan occupy in 1934?
Directions: This is a very comprehensive and detailed chapter that must be taken in a little at a time. Do not attempt this study guide in one sitting. Instead, plan scheduled times to read and answer questions during the week. For maximum retention, you are encouraged to read approximately 5-7 pages a night and to answer the corresponding questions.
1) What does Shanfei’s story reveal about China in the early 20th century?
2) What did Gertrude Stein’s term, “lost generation,” signify about the U. S. and Europe? Briefly summarize the main points of Oswald Spengler’s The Decline of the West. Was Spengler right?
3) How did theologians join in the pessimistic attitudes …show more content…
of the time? Identify one theologian and briefly discuss his views of the time. Why were science and technology attacked after the Great War? Why was democracy attacked?
4) Discuss a couple of cultural developments in this period that illustrate contemporary views of the world post-war.
5) What led to the withdrawal of capital from Europe in 1928 by U.S. lenders and investors?
6) “Improvements in industrial processes reduced worldwide demand for certain ________________ causing an increase in supplies and a drop in _______________. Technological advances in the production of ______________________, for instance, permitted the use of reclaimed _______________. The resulting glut of natural rubber had devastating consequences for the economies of the ____________________________, Ceylon, and Malaysia, which relied on the export of ____________. Similarly, the increased use of _______ undermined the coal industry, the emergence of synthetics hurt the _____________ industry, and the growing adoption of __________________ virtually ruined the nitrate industry of _____________.”
7) What caused the depressed state of agriculture in the 1920’s? Provide a specific example to illustrate.
8) What was Black Thursday? What exactly happened? How did this event impact the lives of people? Be specific.
9) By 1932, industrial production had fallen to half its 1929 level.
National ___________ had dropped by approximately half. Forty-four percent of U.S. ___________ were out of business, and the deposits of __________ of people had disappeared. Because much of the world’s prosperity depended on the __________ of U.S. capital and the strength of U.S. import markets, the contraction of the U.S. economy created a ripple effect that circled the _______________. Nations that relied on exports of _____________________ to pay for imported fuel and food – Germany and ________ in particular—suffered the most. The depression also spread unevenly to primary producing economies in _________________,________________, and ________________. Hardest hit were countries that depended on the export of a few primary products--_____________________________ goods, such as coffee, sugar, and ________________, and raw materials, such as minerals, ores, and ___________________.
10) Explain the economic relationship between the U.S., Germany, and the rest of Europe during this period. How, in spite of this, did Germany remain a leading economic power? What was the impact of the reduction in foreign …show more content…
trade?
11) Why were Latin American states vulnerable to the effects of the depression? What was the impact? Give specific regions and examples. Describe the efforts of Brazilian dictator-president Getulio Dornelle Vargas (1883-1954) to turn his nation into an Estado Novo or New State. What specifically did he do? Give three examples.
12) Why did many areas in Africa remain unaffected by the Depression? Why did China remain mostly unaffected? What about the Philippines?
13) What were the unemployment figures in 1933 in industrial societies? What had they been in 1929? Why did employers prefer female workers during this time? How did the government respond to employers’ preferences of hiring females over males? What long-standing societal issues were reflected in such policies?
14) List three major social outcomes of the Great Depression that show the enormous personal suffering that occurred during this time. What were “shanty towns”? What major work written by John Steinbeck in 1939 captured the social suffering? According to Steinbeck, what was “planned scarcity”? Read the passage provided in your book. What human suffering is illustrated in this passage?
15) “Classical economic thought held that _____________________ was a self-correcting system that operated best when left to its own _____________.” Governments responded to the economic crisis in two ways. What were they? “In either case, the _______________ prescription for economic ills worsened the depression’s impact” and showed that “capitalism seemed to be ________________.”
16) What did economist John Maynard Keynes offer as a solution in his work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936)? Identify 2-3 ideas from his plan.
17) What U.S. president heeded the advice of Keynes after World War II? What was his plan called? What were some key features of this plan? Ultimately, what brought the U.S. out of the Great Depression? Explain.
18) In 1917, _________________ and his fellow Bolsheviks had take power in the name of the Russian working class, but _______________ victory did not bring peace and stability to the lands of the former Russian empire. After seizing power, ______________ and his supporters had to defend the world’s first “dictatorship of the _________________ against numerous enemies including dissident _________________, anti-Bolshevik officers and troops, _____________ bands, and foreign military forces.” If you do not remember the meaning of “Bolshevik,” “socialist,” “proletariat,” and “dissident,” please look them up!!!!
19) What two groups fought in the Russian civil war that took place from 1918 to 1920? Describe some of the activities of Lenin’s Red Terror campaign. Of the two groups, which did the peasantry support and why? Which did the military support and why? Which group did Russia’s former allies support? Why? What was the outcome of the civil war?
20) Describe four of the policies of “war communism” carried out by the Bolshevik government. What were three negative consequences of these policies?
21) What was the purpose of Lenin’s New Economic Policy? Identify three specific aspects of this policy.
22) What was the Politburo? What was the Politburo’s position on socialism? After Lenin’s death, _____________________ promoted the idea of ______________________________________. What was the goal of Stalin’s Five Year Plan? What was at the core of Stalin’s plan? What message did Stalin communicate to the Soviet people? “Integral to the drive for industrialization was the collectivization of ________________. The Soviet state expropriated privately owned land to created _____________________ or ________________ farm units whose profits were shared by all ________________.” What did Stalin hope to accomplish with his plan? What were the consequences of his plan?
23) Why was the 1934 “Congress of Victors” considered the “Congress of Victims”? Complete: “The victims faced ____________________ or long-term suffering in _______________. In 1939, eight million Soviet citizens were in labor camps, and ____________ million were dead as a result of the ‘______________,’ as Stalin’s supporters termed this process.”
24) Why were the social and political upheavals of the former Russian empire so important?
25) “While socialism was transforming the former Russian empire, another political force swept across Europe after the Great War. ______________, a political movement and ideology that sought to create a new type of society, developed as a reaction against liberal ______________ and the spread of socialism and _________________. The term _____________ comes from the fasces, an ancient ___________ symbol of punitive authority consisting of a bundle of wooden __________ strapped together around an _______. In 1919 ____________________ adopted this symbol for the Italian fascist movement that governed ________ during the years from 1922 to 1943. Movements comparable to Italian fascism developed and dominated political life in many ___________ societies, most notably in _____________ in the guise of National Socialism or _________. Potential fascist movements sprang up during the 1930’s in _______, ____________, and ________________ in Latin American societies like ___________ and ________________; and in several __________ lands. Nevertheless, these candidates for fascism never reproduced the major characteristics of ____________ fascism., and fascism remained a European phenomenon of the era between the two _____________.”
26) To whom did fascism appeal? “Asserting that society faced a profound crisis, fascists sought to create a new ____________________ community, which they defined either as a nation-state or as a unique _______________ or racial group. As part of their quest, ______________ movements commonly dedicated themselves to the revival of allegedly lost _____________ traditions, and hence, differed widely. Nevertheless, most fascist movements shared certain common features, such as the _________________ of the state, a devotion to a strong _______________, and an emphasis on _______________________, ___________________, and _________________________.” By the way, what is ethnocentrism?
27) “Strong and often ________________ leaders, such as Benito Mussolini in __________ or Adolf Hitler in ___________, embodied the state and claimed indisputable ___________________. Fascists were hostil to liberal ___________________, its devotion to ________________, and its ______________, which they viewed as weak and ______________.” By the way, what does decadent mean? “ Fascist movements also emphasized a belligerent form of _________________ and a fear of foreign people ( ________________). The typical fascist state embraced _____________________. In practice militarism meant that fascist regimes maintained large and expensive _________________ establishments and showed a fondness for _____________, ____________, and ______________________________ architecture.”
28) When and where did the first fascist movement originate? What conditions helped feed the movement? Who was the guiding force behind the movement?
29) _____________________________ was convinced that the war represented a turning point for the nation. He argued that the ________________ returning from the front would transform ______________ society. After the ___________________, Mussolini promoted a program that stressed ______________, the repression of __________________, and called for a strong ____________________.
30) How did Mussolini gain support for his program and establish himself as dictator of Italy? Be specific. Outline key events from 1920 to 1926. Don’t forget the Blackshirts or Il Duce, “the leader” in your list. You should have at least five key events on your list.
31) Describe some of the actions of Il Duce between 1926 and 1932. Identify at least three things he did to suppress the people of Italy.
32) What specific actions did the fascist state of Italy take against Jews? “This development may have been occasioned by Mussolini’s newly found friendship with fellow dictator, _____________________. In 1936 Mussolini told his followers that from now on, world history would revolve around a ____________________. In May 1939, the leaders of fascist _____________ and Nazi _____________________ formalized their political, military, and ideological alliance by signing a ten-year ________________________.”
33) Describe 3 key events in the life of Adolf Hitler that strongly influenced his attitudes and rise to chairman of the party now known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
34) How was Hitler able to gain such a wide following?
Provide three specific pieces of evidence in your answer. “National Socialism appealed to members of the lower to middle classes: ruined ______________ and artisans, impoverished _________________, discharged white collar ________________, and disenchanted _____________________. The impact of the _______________________ and political infighting led to bloody street battles, shaking the foundation of Germany’s fragile young _____________________. The leader’s of the nation’s democratic and liberal parties groped for ______________ to mounting _______________ but were hindered by lack of consensus and the public’s loss of faith in the __________________
system.
35) Describe the Nazi government under the German Reich (empire) and the newly appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler.
36) The leaders of the Third Reich pursued the creation of a ____________ based national community… Implicit in this racial remodeling was the conviction that there was no room for the racially “ ________________ “ or for “ ______________________ outsiders.”
37) Identify four specific actions of the Nazi party to increase births of “racially valuable” children. What impact did this plan have on the role of women in German society?
38) Starting in 1933, the Nazi regime initiated a compulsory _________________ program for men and women whom the regime had identified as having “ ______________ _______________” sickness, including _______________, feeblemindedness, manic _____________, hereditary _________________, hereditary ______________, chronic _______________, and serious physical ________________. Between 1934 and 1939, more than ___________ men and women underwent compulsory ________________. By the way, what is meant by compulsory? If you don’t know, look it up.
39) Beginning in 1935, the government also sanctioned ____________________, otherwise illegal in ___________, of the “hereditary ill” and “racial aliens.” Between 1939 and 1945, the Nazis systematically killed by _________, lethal injections, or starvation, those people judged useless to society, especially the physically and mentally _______________. Nazi eugenics measures served as a precursor to the wholesale __________________ of peoples classified as racial inferiors, such as _____________ and ____________. Anti-Semitism, or prejudice against __________, was a key element in the design to achieve a new racial order and became the hallmark of ____________________ rule.
40) Read Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler on page 1024. Write down three specific quotes from the selection that illustrate Hitler’s views on Aryan superiority. If you don’t know what “Aryan” means, look it up.
41) What were some of the measures used by the Nazis to suppress Germany’s Jewish population? What was the result of the exodus of Jews in the 1930’s? What was Kristallnacht? Why was it so significant? How many Jews had left Germany by 1938?
42) In the decades following the Great War, nationalism developed into a powerful political force in _________, especially in ______ and ________, where growing numbers of people were influenced by the self-determination concept that was one of the legacies of the Paris Peace Conference. Let’s revisit: what is self-determination? If you don’t know, go back and look it up.
43) By the beginning of the 20th century, Indian ________________ threatened the British empire’s hold on India. Discuss some of the social and economic events that promoted nationalism among the Indian people. How did the European education system in India promote nationalism among the Indian people?
44) What was the most influential association dedicated to the struggle against British imperial rule? When was it founded? This organization enlisted the support of many prominent ____________ and _________________ and stressed collaboration with the ____________ to bring self-rule to India, but after the Great War, the congress pursued this goal in ______________ to the British.
45) How did the formation of the Muslim league complicate India’s struggle for independence from the British?
46) How were Indian attitudes different before and after the Great War? What caused this change in attitude? Discuss 2 or 3 different events that brought about the change. How did the British government respond?
47) Where was Mohandas Gandhi living when he developed his moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) and passive resistance called satyagraha (truth and firmness)? Describe some of the practices he embraced during this time. What impact did Gandhi have on the Indian National Congress? How did Gandhi become known as the Indian people’s Mahatma or “great soul”? “Gandhi was determined to eradicate the injustices of the ____________________. He fought especially hard to improve the status of the lowest classes of society, the casteless ____________________, whom he called “jarijans,” which means: _________________________________.
48) Under Gandhi’s leadership what were some of the specific ideas outlined in the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-1922? What event showed the extent of the British brutality in India?
49) What political compromise was offered by the British? What was the result? How did the India Act divide India’s population? Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and what proposal did he offer? What reality was reflected in his proposal?
50) In a sentence or two, briefly summarize China’s revolution of 1911. What was the result?
51) Describe the political and economic climate in China after the republic was established in 1912. In your description, provide 3-4 specific characteristics.
52) What events gave rise to the May Fourth Movement? Who spearheaded the movement and what was the basis for their protests? What medium did students leaders like Shanfei use to rally comrades to their cause?
53) “Disillusioned by the cynical self-interest of the ______________ and the _______________ powers, some Chinese became interested in Marxist thought as modified by _____________ and the social and economic experiments under way in the Soviet Union. In 1921, the __________________________________________ was organized in Shang-hai. Among its early members was _____________, a former teacher and librarian who viewed a Marxist-inspired social revolution as the cure for China’s problems. Mao’s political radicalism extended to the issue of ____________ equality. Chinese _______________ believed in divorce, opposed arranged marriages, and campaigned against the practice of ________________.
54) How were the goals of Sun Yatsen? How did he attempt to do this? As a result of intervention by Soviet advisors, what relationship was established between the CCP and the NPP or Guomindang? What did Jiang Jieshi do to disrupt the relationship? What was the end result?
55) What three major problems did the new national government face in the 1930’s?
56) What was the Long March? What exactly happened? Who emerged as a leader? Describe the basis of his ideology, Marxist-Leninism or Maoism as it came to be called.
57) Describe the short and long-term economic effects of the Great War on Japan. What were the two differing perspectives on Japan’s place in the world?
58) “China’s unification, aided by international attempts to reinstate its sovereignty, threatened ____________’s economic interest in Manchuria. Political instability, the result of nationalists and ______________ vying for power, made China an inviting target. ____________ had historically been Chinese territory, but by the 20th century, it was a sphere of influence where Japan maintained the ________________ Railroad, retained transit rights, and stationed ____________. In 1931, Japan’s military forces in ________________ acted to assert control over the region.
59) What was the Mukden Incident and why was it significant? How did Japan benefit?
60) In response to the ____________________ invasion, the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) leader Jiang Jieshi appealed to the ______________________ to halt Japanese aggression. After an investigation, the league called for the withdrawal of ______________________ forces and for the restoration of ______________ sovereignty. The Japanese responded by leaving the __________________. Embarking on conquests in east Asia, Japanese militarists found a sure means to promote a new militant __________________national identify. Look at the map on page 1030. What areas did Japan occupy in 1934?