Chemistry- Metals
TOPIC 2
Metals
The History of Metals * Uses of metals through history: * Copper Age (3200-2300 BCE) – copper and tin were most common metals, and were used for ornaments, weapons and tools. * Bronze Age (2300-700 BCE) – copper, tin and bronze were used for tools, weapons and transport. They produced bronze by heating copper and tin with charcoal. * Iron Age (1000 BCE – 1 CE) – iron steel and lead was used for tools, weapons and pipes. Iron is much harder than bronze. * Modern Age (1 CE – Present) – main metals are iron, aluminium and steel, which were used for pipes, buildings, transport and electrical cables. This is the age where technology of iron and steel improved. Around the 1880’s, there was a significant move towards new alloys and metals, including tungsten steel (cutting tools), manganese steels (railway lines and digging tools), silicon, chromium, nickel and vanadium. * Uses of metals * Iron and steel – railways, bridges, roofing, motor car bodies, ships, fire hydrants, domestic appliances, heavy industrial machinery, pipes, nails. * Aluminium – buildings, aeroplanes, car parts, domestic pots and pans, wrapping foil. * Copper – electrical wiring, pipes and plumbing fittings, jewellery. * Zinc – protective paints, galvanizing irons * Lead – car batteries, plumbing, solder. * An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with one or more other elements Alloy | Properties | Uses | Stainless Steel (10-20% chromium, 5-20% nickel, iron) | * Hard * Resists corrosion | food processing machinery, kitchen sinks and appliances, cutlery, surgical and dental instruments, razor blades | Brass(50-60% copper with zinc) | * Lustrous gold appearance * Hard * Easily machined | Plumbing fittings, musical instruments, decorations | Bronze(80-90% copper and tin) | * Hard * Resists corrosion * Easily cast | Ships propellers, casting statues | Duralumin(95% aluminium, 4%
Metals
The History of Metals * Uses of metals through history: * Copper Age (3200-2300 BCE) – copper and tin were most common metals, and were used for ornaments, weapons and tools. * Bronze Age (2300-700 BCE) – copper, tin and bronze were used for tools, weapons and transport. They produced bronze by heating copper and tin with charcoal. * Iron Age (1000 BCE – 1 CE) – iron steel and lead was used for tools, weapons and pipes. Iron is much harder than bronze. * Modern Age (1 CE – Present) – main metals are iron, aluminium and steel, which were used for pipes, buildings, transport and electrical cables. This is the age where technology of iron and steel improved. Around the 1880’s, there was a significant move towards new alloys and metals, including tungsten steel (cutting tools), manganese steels (railway lines and digging tools), silicon, chromium, nickel and vanadium. * Uses of metals * Iron and steel – railways, bridges, roofing, motor car bodies, ships, fire hydrants, domestic appliances, heavy industrial machinery, pipes, nails. * Aluminium – buildings, aeroplanes, car parts, domestic pots and pans, wrapping foil. * Copper – electrical wiring, pipes and plumbing fittings, jewellery. * Zinc – protective paints, galvanizing irons * Lead – car batteries, plumbing, solder. * An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with one or more other elements Alloy | Properties | Uses | Stainless Steel (10-20% chromium, 5-20% nickel, iron) | * Hard * Resists corrosion | food processing machinery, kitchen sinks and appliances, cutlery, surgical and dental instruments, razor blades | Brass(50-60% copper with zinc) | * Lustrous gold appearance * Hard * Easily machined | Plumbing fittings, musical instruments, decorations | Bronze(80-90% copper and tin) | * Hard * Resists corrosion * Easily cast | Ships propellers, casting statues | Duralumin(95% aluminium, 4%