Since initiating market reforms in 1978, China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy and experienced rapid economic and social development. GDP growth averaging about 10 percent a year has lifted more than 600 million people out of poverty. All Millennium Development Goals have been reached or are within reach.…
During the 20th century China underwent a massive transformation. In the early 1900s China was a mass of land lacking any real political cohesion and so was plagued by disputes between the many ruling warlords. However, by the year 2000 China was considered a major contender on the world stage and still is today; it almost seems certain that China will become the most powerful nation on earth in the next 50 years. This major transformation is seen to be a great success of China, considering the relatively short amount of time in which it was accomplished, but the question still remains as to whether entire credit should be given to China itself or instead whether China’s successful development was more due to the forced interference of foreign powers or, to a lesser extent, their influence rather than the inspired originality of Chinese politicians. The main stimulus for development certainly seems to be economic policy (either the respective leaders of China in their adaptation of foreign policy, sometimes brought about through influence, or the forced implementation of policy by foreign powers) with the consequent effect of this being development of the social and political workings of China.…
Modernization theory first arose after world war two, when western countries like the US, Britain and France all believed that capitalism was the only way to modernize countries in Eastern Europe. The different communist and capitalist governments didn’t agree on theories of modernization and so the cold war started. The first aim of modernization theory is to explain why poor countries have failed to develop and the second aim is to provide a non-communist solution to poverty by suggesting particular cultural values, such as capitalism, which can bring modernization.…
China’s reform is a 2 stage process, with the first stage spanning form 1978 to 1993 and the second stage spanning from 1994 to the present day. While the reform has be ongoing for nearly 35 years, the bulk of major events occurred in the earlier stages. China kept it’s basic institutional framework but dramatically changed resource allocation and the relationship between government and business. With a change in resource distribution, the nations GDP, and living standards all dramatically improved. Qian and Wu (2000) say that:…
We are full around with the people who just like the characters in ‘The Great Gatsby’. Everyone in China wants to improve their own social status and have a share of the economic benefits. But everyone’s method is different. Some are illegal, some need other’s help to achieve their goal. Anyway after 10 years or 50 years, there will be no more ‘Gatsby’, ‘Daisy’, ‘Myrtle’, ‘Tom’ in China. Our society will be fairer than the current situation. Everyone can improve their social status by their own…
China has changed in certain ways and remained the same in others from the early Golden Ages to the late 1900s. China has experienced a series of cultural and political transformations, shaping the lives of many Chinese citizens. Culturally, the country’s art and literature hardly changed for almost eight hundred years. Along with their culture, China remained politically the same from the beginning of the Golden Ages all the way until the 1800s. On the other hand, China’s government and society were restructured after new leaders took over. From a monarch to total communism, China’s society had a multitude of new ideas and policies they had to adapt to.…
Modernization is the concept that refers to the major social changes that occur when a traditional society rapidly shifts from the house to the factory, resulting in industrialization and the spread of education. Prior to the Opium Wars, imperial China lacked the proper ideology and infrastructure needed to successfully compete with the Western world, resulting in the “Century of Humiliation”, or the period of intervention and imperialism by foreign powers. Consequently, the imperial Qing court made numerous reforms in industry and education through the Self-Strengthening Movement to contend with the foreign powers and regain sovereignty. The Opium Wars, and the resulting Self-Strengthening Movement, were the catalyst towards a modernized China.…
Attitude of reform develops. At the end of China’s Qing Dynasty their slogan is “Chinese learning for the fundamental principles, Western learning for practical use.”…
Since 1949, Mao created People Republic of China, he became a leader in almost 27 years. The establishment of new China marks the opening of a new age.…
In the early 17th century Japan shut itself from most contact with other nations. Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns the Japanese society was very reserved and was in very tight order. The shoguns gave out land to the lords and daimyo. The peasant worked for and lived under the protection of their daimyo. The daimyo had a small army of samurais. The rigid system was to keep the country free of civil war and to keep peace for Japan. This lasted for about two centuries. Japan during those two centuries had mostly no contact with the industrialized world but they were trading with China and Dutch merchants from Indonesia. They also had contact with Korea. Japan started to realize how trade was becoming important for both inside and outside Japan.…
China has made an extraordinary journey along the road back to greatness. Hundreds of millions have lifted themselves out of poverty, hundreds of millions more have joined the new middle class. It is on the verge of reclaiming what it sees as its rightful position in the world. China’s global influence is expanding and within a decade its economy is expected to overtake America’s. In his first weeks in power, the new head of the ruling Communist Party, Xi Jinping, has evoked that rise with a new slogan which he is using, as belief in Marxism dies, to unite an increasingly diverse nation. He calls his new doctrine the “Chinese dream” evoking its American equivalent. Such slogans matter enormously in China (see article). News bulletins are full of his dream. Schools organise speaking competitions about it. A talent show on television is looking for “The Voice of the Chinese Dream”.…
The Late Qing Reform helped modernize China in certain ways. Politically, modernization refers to the transformation of monarchy to democracy. Economically, it refers to the process of industrialization, agricultural mechanization and the development of transportation. Socially, it refers to the procedure of urbanization, improvement in communication and people’s growing desire to participate in politic. Culturally, it freed a nation from conservative beliefs to acceptance of interchange of diverse culture. Educationally, it enables knowledge to be commonly taught instead of reserving it for the rich. For both aspects above, it emphasizes individual right and free thinking rather than restrictions on composing works and exams. Militarily, it refers to Westernize methods and diversity in training, which is the establishment of armies, navies and air forces, in contrast with unsystematic military training.…
China attempted to modernize from the struggles that were present in the country. In China, modernization occurred later than then most countries; this allowed the Chinese to use other countries as a model. China began to focus on important industry’s that would help their country prosper. They began to advance in military, science, and technology, and established a strong economy by selling products to other nations. As a result of modernization China became urbanized, and industrialized. The nation also became economically stronger which made the growing nation prosper. Modernization benefited China in all aspects of a great nation. China modernization process started to begin after the Qing dynasty fell, with this the country wanted to reform which led to modernization. Modernization was a very beneficial process to china as a whole.…
Modernization is the process of social change begun by industrialization and the key features of modernization are the weakening of traditional communities, expansion of personal choice, increasingly diverse beliefs, and a keen awareness of the future. Examples of modernization are the use of auto mobiles which takes us to destinations faster than before. Computers and phones help us communicate with people from all over the world without even leaving our home. Even the way people are treated for health care facilities is changing and people are living longer. Social change and modernization go hand in hand. One can’t function without the other because conforming to changes needs to be established to make sure the changes…
Meet the Chinese consumer of 2020 - McKinsey Quarterly - Retail & Consumer Goods - Sectors & Regions…