James Baldwin, in his essay "If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me What Is?," wants readers to understand that, even if a language has a different "dialect" from its "common" form, it is still a valid language. The language in dispute here being "Black English". Baldwin presents various arguments to solidify his points. Baldwin touches upon the point how a language "evolves" to form different versions of the same language. He cites the example of how a "Frenchman in Paris" would have an abstruse time comprehending what a man from Marseilles or Quebec is saying.…
“I cannot consistently, with self respect, do other than I have, namely, to deliberately violate an act which seems to me to be a denial of everything which ideally and in practice I hold sacred.”. Or maybe, “I regard the principle of conscription of life as a flat contradiction of all our cherished ideals of individual freedom, democratic liberty and Christian teaching.…
Modern African American Literature was formed under a stressful time for Africans, slavery. The only way the stories of the indigenous people of Africa were passed down was through oral recollections, or stories of the events. In America this was especially difficult for the slaves because of laws preventing them from learning English. By not being allowed to learn English, the slaves had to learn English solely on auditory purposes. This essentially made the slaves illiterate. When the slaves transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect is what the slaves thought they heard and the correct spelling of those words,…
What is a religion? What is a God? In times of peace, and in times of agony a person places their faith in an entity they have never seen. More than half of the world believe in a God, base their life on a God, and worship their God with every fiber of their being. This is religion. Elie Wiesel is an example of how people's view of religion can change. Throughout the memoir Night, this devout follower of the Jewish religion becomes skeptical of everything he believes in eventually forsaking his religion entirely.…
In “Salvation,” Langston Hughes recounts a pivotal moment from his childhood regarding his own discoveries of religion. Hughes uses syntax, diction, repetition, and irony to expose the issues with organized religion. Throughout the passage he establishes a tone of confusion in order to convey the true influence of his Aunt and Preacher pushing him towards religion. From this Hughes’ own experiences, religion is obviously a complex theme of self-discovery that cannot be forced.…
The United States is a melting pot of many different cultures. People from all over the world come to the United States because they have the freedom to practice their culture here; this includes using their native language. In Leslie Savan’s book Slam Dunks and No-Brainers: Language in Your Life, the Media, Business, Politics, and, Like, Whatever she included a section called “What’s Black, Then White, and Said All Over?”. This section examines common way of speaking, which Savan claims has its origins in African American vernacular. Julia Alvarez, author of the book Once Upon A Quinceañera: Coming of Age in the USA, also writes about other cultures accumulating themselves into the American…
Through out Savan's essay she talks about the originality and roots of where and how the black language was created. Savan explains that allot of black words we hear now days came from times around and within American slavery. Many African American slaves used words that would mean the opposite of the actual meaning of the word. African American slaves came up with these words to talk in front of their “Massa”(Savan 373) without him knowing what they were saying. “Most of this language was never recorded”(Savan 377), but allot of these words would emerge in American media one way or another. It is very important to realize that these words were a way of communicating for slaves without being whipped, beat or even killed. Slaves never used such words to become famous or rich.…
Throughout human history, man has found himself fascinated with the Gods and the mysticism that surrounds them. The idea of praying to a higher power has always appealed to the ethos of mankind, as a way of comfort. Divine intervention has led to the construction of grand temples, churches, and mosques while, the rest of the people lived in shacks battling destitute poverty. Religion has ignored many problems of the human condition in favor of the fantasy of revelation and salvation. It has led to vicious wars, disenfranchisement of entire groups of people all because of the sweet promise of salvation. In John D. Caputo's essay, Caputo highlights the divisive nature of religion and how the promises of revelation and salvation result ultimately lead to further perpetuate the lies and violence that religion has brought…
In 1996, the Oakland School District proposed the inclusion of what is known as "Ebonics" into its curriculum. Ebonics, or Black language, has been referred to in various ways over the years: "African American Vernacular English," "Pan-African Communication Behaviors," "African Language Systems," or "West and Niger-Congo African Language Systems." By any name, Ebonics, when studied over the years, has been proven to be a real language with its own phonology, syntax, morphology, sentence patterns, and double interpretations of words. The pattern that Ebonics speakers in the United States speak is highly similar to the patterns seen in both the Caribbean Creole and the West African languages. No one would have thought that comedian Bill Cosby would have an opinion on this subject, but as I read through essay I realized the logic and validity behind his paper.…
Rodriguez is a Spanish author who writes about his first hand account of being a bilingual child in America and how it affects him and his family in “Aria”. In both Rodriguez’s essay and in Kingston’s novel the use of language and the meaning behind it is prevalent. Through the power of language in both of these pieces we see how it affects a family and the community that surrounds them. For Kingston it shapes her into becoming an adult and how it shapes her views while also affecting how she people should use language. At the same time both of these authors face challenges that all arise from the power of language.…
According to the linguistic roots of the term religion re-, means “again” and lig-, means “join” or “connect”. The word religion proposes the joining of the human world to the sacred world (Molloy, 2010). In my personal point of view religion is very important because it allows us to believe that there is a God who loves us and wants us to be happy. There are different types of religions and none of them are wrong if they lead people to a life of love, joy, compassion, and service. The question of why religions exist is evidently because it serves as human needs (Molloy, 2010). One of the first needs of humans is having a meaning when it comes to dealing with our mortality. It is very common that as individuals we try to look for a purpose of why different situations happen in life especially when we have no control over them. The religion we belong to can give us comfort to some level in our life. There are some elements known to involve a religion regardless of which one it is which will be discussed in this paper. Also this paper will mention the relationships with the divine, sacred time, sacred space or the natural world, and the relationship with each other.…
Ultimately, miracles are only miracles if they are witnessed. Reuben, the witness, develops an inseparable relationship with God through the miracles of his birth, his father walking on air, and his…
Baldwin convinces blacks to ‘unmask’ themselves and develop their own individual consciousness rather than conforming to white society and the views that whites hold. Baldwin does this several ways in his essays in The Fire Next Time, most specifically being Letter from a Region in my Mind, by the promotion of black dignity and celebrating the minds of blacks. Especially in his essay, my dungeon shook, Baldwin emphasizes the idea that blacks become brought down when they begin to conform to white ideas and believe only in what the whites tell them. This ‘unmasking’ is one of the many driving forces Baldwin speaks about that is essential for social transformation in America. The promotion of blacks developing their own consciousness aside from…
There was a man name Alain Lock who was a black philosopher that published the book called “The New Negro”. After Alain Lock published his book, the white people started taking him very serious when it comes to African American literature. It was much later when Carl Van Vechten who was a white man who played a part in the Harlem Renaissance wrote a controversial novel called “Nigger Heaven” in 1926. This book turned out to be a best seller during this period. This book got the white people going when it comes to the African…
The African-American tradition begins with the black church. In the African-American community the black church has always been more than a religious institution. From the establishment of the first black church in America, throughout slavery and beyond, the church has been the foundation of the black community. During the horrific days of slavery it provided relief and nourishment for the soul with its promise of a better life after death. The church permitted self-expression and supported individuality as well as creativity, behavior that could have eventually lead to death. An example is found in the spirituals, gospel and other forms of music that helped blacks explain and endure their sojourn in America. The black church gave slaves a sense of dignity and lead them to believe they too were equal in the sight of God. The black church occupies such an important role in the black community…