Another aspect I do not agree with in this paper is the many references to Sigmund Freud’s studies. Sigmund Freud, although influential to many concepts, is no longer a credible source for a scholarly paper because of the many inaccuracies in his works. I recommend including the concepts of other theorists and researchers to add to his claims to further support the thesis. There are many recent sources and concepts to include along with the well-known ideas of Sigmund Freud.…
Freud places emphasis on the power of the individual versus the power of civilization as a whole in his book Civilization and Its Discontents, an emphasis that is clearly replicated in both 1984 and Panopticon. Freud states, “Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals” (46). This particular sentiment is echoed in the theory of the panopticon as tool to suppress the imprisoned individual, illustrated through the guard tower placed in the center of the prison that does not allow for inmates to decipher whether there is anyone inside watching them; an illusion that is intended to demonstrate the power of the panopticon…
Throughout human history, man has found himself fascinated with the Gods and the mysticism that surrounds them. The idea of praying to a higher power has always appealed to the ethos of mankind, as a way of comfort. Divine intervention has led to the construction of grand temples, churches, and mosques while, the rest of the people lived in shacks battling destitute poverty. Religion has ignored many problems of the human condition in favor of the fantasy of revelation and salvation. It has led to vicious wars, disenfranchisement of entire groups of people all because of the sweet promise of salvation. In John D. Caputo's essay, Caputo highlights the divisive nature of religion and how the promises of revelation and salvation result ultimately lead to further perpetuate the lies and violence that religion has brought…
S. Freud’s The Future Illusion and P. Tillich’s Religion as a Dimension in Man’s Spiritual Life carry on about an important question of what religion really is, what is its meaning in a cultural, psychological and scientific aspect and how it relates to a society and an individual. In this paper I will try to prove through an analysis and comparison of both texts that although their approach to the subject is different they both regard religion as an important aspect of human life. Freud in Illusion touches on things that to some may be an unquestionable truths; a meaning of life, a reason to be a good citizen - a good human being. Freud strips religion of its “holiness” but not of its power over a culture and a human life. He argues that religion in its essence is nothing more than an illusion - a wishful thinking based on a subconscious hope for a reward (the afterlife). According to Freud, religion is an aspect of culture - civilization, defending us against nature and each other. Civilization is a necessity that was socially constructed in order to explain and control the unknown and scary forces of the world but more importantly to cage our primal desires of: incest, murder, cannibalism which lay deeply in our unconscious. Therefore, to save humanity civilization created laws. At first the forces of nature were given human characteristics to make the assimilation easier and simpler to comprehend. The so called totemism was clear and understandable serving a purpose of control and protection from the environment and ourselves. But who would obey the laws if there was no fear of punishment for doing wrong and a reward for doing good. That is when religion came in handy.…
In his essay, Civilization and Its Discontents, Gary Kamiya writes about the presence of Political Correctness in society. P.C. teaches proper societal conduct and determines social status, which are necessary ethics when promoted within private domains. The principles are encroaching on the public grounds of the university where they should not be advocated. The university exists to promote liberal education by giving free space for analysis and tolerance; it does not exist to dictate proper conduct. This free space results in citizens that can handle real life problems, while P.C. concerns itself with the abstract. When P.C. hinders liberal education, society achieves nothing practical.…
Wulff, D. W. (1998) Rethinking the rise and fall of the psychology of religion. In A.L. Molendijk and P. Pel (Eds.), Religion in the making: The emergence of the sciences of religion, (pp.181-202).…
Freud, S. 1930. ‘Civilization and Its Discontents’ M. Hechter and C. Horne (eds) 2003. Theories of Social Order: A Reader. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press: 101-11…
The classical civilizations Han China, Gupta India, and Rome all declined and eventually collapsed all together due to internal corruption, economic decline, and external invasions. Although Rome was destroyed culturally and politically once it fell, China and India were able to maintain some culture due to the religions Confucianism and Hinduism.…
As American people, we know that we are entitled to certain rights according to the constitution; one of which is freedom of speech. In Civility and Its Discontents, Leslie Epstein explores the limits and contradictions of this much cherished right when considering whether he would expel a student who wrote racial slurs in the dorm rooms of a University if it was up to him. He discusses this situation and topics that stem from it in an analytical yet somewhat emotionally involved tone and makes the reader reflect on the wide range of information presented about the issues of political correctness, freedom of speech, expulsion, and racism.…
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist and the father of psychoanalysis, believed that religion was a defence against the oceanic greatness of the world. The…
Freud's view of civilization emerges from his understanding of the struggle between Eros and Death. Freud expresses the existence of two contrary instincts, Eros and Death, via starting from the speculations on the beginning of life and biological parallels. While Eros preserves the living substance and joins it into larger units, such as societies, Death dissolves these units and brings them back to their primeval state. The death drives appear to be regressive, striving for a return to a less differentiated, less organized state of tensionlessness. In contrast, Eros (which embraces sexual and life-preserving instincts) is progressive in seeking ever more differentiated forms of organized life and even the widening of differences in it as between the organism and its surroundings. Freud explains the life as concurrent or mutually opposing action of, and therefore balance between Eros and death instincts.…
During the pre-modern age there was perhaps no larger an aspect of everyday life than religion. Today’s day and age is a stark contrast, as religion has for the most part taken a backseat in importance. From the pre-modern age to now, religion has changed completely. Pre-modern religion held political power locally, and all across Europe. Today religion holds a mostly spiritual power for the truly devout. This essay will discover the role and importance that religion played in the pre-modern age, and how it permeated the lives of those living in it.…
References: to The Collected Works of C. G. Jung are cited in the text as CW, volume number, and paragraph number. The Collected Works are published in English by Routledge (UK) and Princeton University Press (USA). bibliography Bloom, Harold. 2009. Bloom’s modern critical views: Cormac McCarthy. New York: Infobase Publishing. Cirlot, Juan Eduardo. 1962/1971. A dictionary of symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. New York: Philosophical Library. Edinger, Edward F. 1994. Anatomy of the psyche: Alchemical symbolism in psychotherapy. Chicago: Open Court. Ellis, Jay. 2009. Fetish and collapse in No country for old men. In Bloom’s modern critical views: Cormac McCarthy, ed. Harold Bloom, 133–170. New York: Infobase Publishing. Frye, Steven. 2005. Yeats’ “Sailing to Byzantium” and McCarthy’s No country for old men: Art and artifice in the new novel. The Cormac McCarthy Journal, 5, 1: 14–20. Henderson, Joseph. 2005. Thresholds of initiation. Wilmette, IL: Chiron Publications. Hillman, James. 2005. Senex and puer. Putnam, CT: Spring. Jung, C. G. 1930/1966. Psychology and literature. The spirit in man, art, and literature. CW 15. ———. 1937/1969. Psychological factors determining human behavior. The structure and dynamics of the psyche. CW 8. ———. 1951/1968. The syzygy: Anima and animus. Aion. CW 9ii. ———. 1952/1969. Answer to Job. Psychology and religion: West and East. CW 11. ———. 1954/1968. Psychological aspects of the mother archetype. The archetypes and the collective unconscious. CW 9i. ———. 1957/1970. The undiscovered self (present and future). Civilization in transition. CW 10. ———. 1961/1965. Memories, dreams, reflections. Recorded and ed. by Aniela Jaffé. Trans. Richard and Clara Winston. New York: Vintage Books. Lincoln, Kenneth. 2009. Cormac McCarthy: American canticles. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. McCarthy, Cormac. 1985. Blood meridian: Or the evening redness in the west. New York: Random House.…
Downing, Christine. "Sigmund Freud and the Greek Mythological Tradition." Journal of the American Academy of Religion XLIII.1 (1975): 3-14. JSTOR. Web.…
they wouldn’t be able to know the laws unless they were written, which led the laws of twelve tables (or the twelve tablets) to be promulgated, eventually the lower class or Plebeians were even able to earn a position in government. Another intellectual achievement was there invention aqueducts and many roads. Aqueducts are bridge like stone structures that carrywater from hills to cities.…