Clostridium Tetani
Clostridium tetani
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search Clostridium tetani | | Clostridium tetani with characteristic 'tennis racket ' appearance. | Scientific classification | Kingdom: | Bacteria | Phylum: | Firmicutes | Class: | Clostridia | Order: | Clostridiales | Family: | Clostridiaceae | Genus: | Clostridium | Species: | C. tetani | Binomial name | Clostridium tetani
Flügge, 1881 |
Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Like other Clostridium species, it is Gram-positive, and its appearance on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks.[1] C. tetani is found as spores in soil or as parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. C. tetani produces a potent biological toxin, tetanospasmin, and is the causative agent of tetanus, a disease characterized by painful muscular spasms that can lead to respiratory failure and, in up to 40% of cases, death. Contents[hide] * 1 History * 2 Characteristics * 3 Vaccination * 4 Toxicity * 4.1 Toxin Action * 5 Treatment * 6 References * 6.1 Further reading * 7 External links |
[edit] History
Tetanus was well known to ancient people, who recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier isolated the strychnine-like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. The etiology of the disease was further elucidated in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, who demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus for the first time. They produced tetanus in rabbits by injecting their sciatic nerve with pus from a fatal human tetanus case in that same year. In 1889, C. tetani was isolated from a human victim, by Kitasato Shibasaburo, who later showed that the organism could produce disease when injected into animals, and that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies. In 1897, Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search Clostridium tetani | | Clostridium tetani with characteristic 'tennis racket ' appearance. | Scientific classification | Kingdom: | Bacteria | Phylum: | Firmicutes | Class: | Clostridia | Order: | Clostridiales | Family: | Clostridiaceae | Genus: | Clostridium | Species: | C. tetani | Binomial name | Clostridium tetani
Flügge, 1881 |
Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Like other Clostridium species, it is Gram-positive, and its appearance on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks.[1] C. tetani is found as spores in soil or as parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. C. tetani produces a potent biological toxin, tetanospasmin, and is the causative agent of tetanus, a disease characterized by painful muscular spasms that can lead to respiratory failure and, in up to 40% of cases, death. Contents[hide] * 1 History * 2 Characteristics * 3 Vaccination * 4 Toxicity * 4.1 Toxin Action * 5 Treatment * 6 References * 6.1 Further reading * 7 External links |
[edit] History
Tetanus was well known to ancient people, who recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier isolated the strychnine-like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. The etiology of the disease was further elucidated in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, who demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus for the first time. They produced tetanus in rabbits by injecting their sciatic nerve with pus from a fatal human tetanus case in that same year. In 1889, C. tetani was isolated from a human victim, by Kitasato Shibasaburo, who later showed that the organism could produce disease when injected into animals, and that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies. In 1897, Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus
References: 1. ^ a b Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0838585299. 2. ^ a b c d e f Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, McIntyre L, Wolfe S (eds). (2006). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) (9th ed. ed.). Public Health Foundation. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf. 3. ^ Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed. ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131443291. 4. ^ a b c d e Todar, Ken (2005) Pathogenic Clostridia, Ken Todar 's Microbial World, University of Wisconsin - Madison. [edit] Further reading * Clinical Microbiology, ISBN 0-940780-49-6 [edit] External links * Pathema-Clostridium Resource