Cognitive
Welcome to PSYC2215
Is your mobile switched off?
Ullrich Ecker ullrich.ecker@uwa.edu.au
2
Experiment for Lab Report
Testing will stop April 26 Please sign up for a session It will REALLY help you with your lab report
3
Principles of Memory (II) Learning Objectives
Explain the principle of abstraction, using empirical evidence Understand how false memories can be considered an effect of abstraction Explain the principle of hyperspecificity, using empirical evidence Discuss the encoding specificity principle, using empirical evidence Discuss which factors determine whether abstraction or hyperspecificity is observed
4
memory II
Abstraction & generalisation
Hyperspecificity Break Encoding specificity Transfer-appropriate processing (brief sketch) Abstraction vs. hyperspecificity
5
Abstraction
Another principle that is more encompassing than localised theories
Abstraction and generalisation
A famous study by Sachs (1967)
Presented people with a paragraph like the following:
6
Sachs (1967): Abstraction in Memory
Holland, a man named Lippershey was an eye-glass maker. One day his children were playing with some lenses. They discovered that things seemed very close if two lenses were held about a foot apart. Lippershey began He sent a letter about it to Galileo, the great Italian scientist. Galileo at once realized the importance about the discovery and set about to build an instrument of his own. He used an old organ pipe with one lens curved out and the
7
Sachs (1967): Recognition Test
a.) He sent Galileo, the great Italian scientist, a letter about it. b.) Galileo, the great Italian scientist, sent him a letter about it. c.) A letter about it was sent to Galileo, the great Italian scientist. d.) He sent a letter about it to Galileo, the great Italian scientist.
One item is completely wrong (b) Others share gist Results of recognition test:
Immediately after the sentence: d > a=c > b: Gist + Surface 80
Is your mobile switched off?
Ullrich Ecker ullrich.ecker@uwa.edu.au
2
Experiment for Lab Report
Testing will stop April 26 Please sign up for a session It will REALLY help you with your lab report
3
Principles of Memory (II) Learning Objectives
Explain the principle of abstraction, using empirical evidence Understand how false memories can be considered an effect of abstraction Explain the principle of hyperspecificity, using empirical evidence Discuss the encoding specificity principle, using empirical evidence Discuss which factors determine whether abstraction or hyperspecificity is observed
4
memory II
Abstraction & generalisation
Hyperspecificity Break Encoding specificity Transfer-appropriate processing (brief sketch) Abstraction vs. hyperspecificity
5
Abstraction
Another principle that is more encompassing than localised theories
Abstraction and generalisation
A famous study by Sachs (1967)
Presented people with a paragraph like the following:
6
Sachs (1967): Abstraction in Memory
Holland, a man named Lippershey was an eye-glass maker. One day his children were playing with some lenses. They discovered that things seemed very close if two lenses were held about a foot apart. Lippershey began He sent a letter about it to Galileo, the great Italian scientist. Galileo at once realized the importance about the discovery and set about to build an instrument of his own. He used an old organ pipe with one lens curved out and the
7
Sachs (1967): Recognition Test
a.) He sent Galileo, the great Italian scientist, a letter about it. b.) Galileo, the great Italian scientist, sent him a letter about it. c.) A letter about it was sent to Galileo, the great Italian scientist. d.) He sent a letter about it to Galileo, the great Italian scientist.
One item is completely wrong (b) Others share gist Results of recognition test:
Immediately after the sentence: d > a=c > b: Gist + Surface 80