Colonial Political Period Essay

The Colonial Political Period Government in the colonies represented an extension of the English government. Courts enforced the common law of England. The Governor's Council or the Governor's Court was a body of senior advisers to the appointed royal Governor in each province.
The legislative body, which went by various names from colony to colony and through time, was elected by the enfranchised Quakers. By seventeen fifty, most free white men could vote. In colonial New England there were annual town meetings, where each colonist had a voice.
Diplomatic affairs were handled by London, as were some trade policies. The colonies generally handled domestic matters (and wars with the Native Americans), but England – and after seventeen thousand
and seven, Great Britain – handled foreign wars. Governor's council members were appointed, and they served at the governor's pleasure, who in turn served at the Monarch’s pleasure. Often the councilors' terms of service lasted longer than the governor's. The usual first act of a new royal governor was to re-appoint or continue the council members in their offices. When there was an absentee governor or an interval between governors, the council acted as the government. Members of the council included ex-officio members, who served by virtue of their position. Others were appointed in order to have a representative cross-section of the diverse interests in the colony. Council members were theoretically subject to approval by the London government, either the Secretary of State Southern Department, or after seventeen sixty-eight the Secretary of State In practice, the distance and delay in communications meant that a veto occurred only in rare cases.
The council as a whole would sit as the Supreme Court for the colony, as was needed. On the local level, Justices of the piece periodically convened a county court session.
As with the House of Lords the council had to approve new laws, which usually originated in the legislature.
The council was seen as serving continuously; whereas the elected lawmakers of the colony typically met just once a year, addressing at that time taxes, budgets, and other concerns. Like the assembly, most council positions were unpaid.
While lawyers were prominent throughout the Thirteen Colonies, merchants were important in the northern colonies and planters were more involved in the southern provinces. These were the groups from which the appointed councilors and elected delegates were chosen. The assemblies had a variety of names, such as: House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen. They had several features in common. Members were elected annually, by the propertied citizens of the towns or counties. Usually they met for a single, short session; but the council or governor could call a special session. Suffrage was allotted only to free white men and, in the early days at least, limited to landowners. Land ownership was widespread, however, which meant that most white men were able to cast a vote. Tax issues and budget decisions originated in the assembly. Part of the budget went toward the cost of raising and equipping the colonial malitia. As the American Revolution drew near, this subject was a point of contention and conflict between the provincial assemblies and their respective
governors. The perennial struggles between the colonial governors and the assemblies are sometimes viewed, in retrospect, as signs of a rising democratic spirit. However, those assemblies generally represented the privileged classes, and they were protecting the colony against unreasonable executive encroachments. Legally, the crown governor's authority was unassailable. In resisting that authority, assemblies resorted to arguments based upon natural rights and the common welfare, giving life to the notion that governments derived, or ought to derive, their authority from the consent of the governed.