Commonwealth Of Byzantium: Chapter Review

APWH Ch. 13-15 Test Review
Chapter 13 The Commonwealth of Byzantium 1. According to Procopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operation to provide Byzantium with the knowledge to produce
A. Steel
B. Iron
C. Ceramics
D. Silk 2. The only classical society that survived in the centuries after 200 C.E. was the
A. Han dynasty
B. Byzantine Empire
C. Hellenistic Empire
D. Mauryan dynasty 3. Byzantium's major advantage was
A. Its position as the greatest trading center of the Greek world
B. Its huge army
C. Its strategic position on the Bosporus
D. Its magnificent library, which contained the cultural treasures of the Hellenistic world 4.
Which of the following statements about Constantinople is not true?
A. It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman Empire
B. It was constructed by Constantine
C. It allowed the imperial court to keep watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia
D. It was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire 5. Which part of the Mediterranean basin was never part of the Byzantine Empire?
A. Anatolia
B. Greece
C. Italy
D. Arabia 6. Up through the eighth century, the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire was
A. The resurgence of power by the Ptolemies in Egypt
B. The Germanic tribes
C. The Guptas in India
D. The Sasanid emperors 7. The most important political feature of the Byzantine state was
A. Its docile acceptance of Rome's superiority
B. Its republican governmental structure that resembled early Rome
C. Its tightly centralized rule under a powerful emperor
D. Its division of power under the tetrarchs 8. The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors is known as
A. Byzantine
B. Caesaropapism
C. Corpus iuris civilis
D. Secularism 9. Historians use the term caesaropapism to refer to
A. The European struggle between church and state
B. The split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
C. The attempt by later Roman emperors to abolish the papacy
D. The system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority 10. The adjective byzantine, drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for
A. An immensely powerful imperial system
B. A legalistic tradition
C. Divine sanction
D. Unnecessary complexity and convolution 11. Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was as a
A. Mother superior in a nunnery
B. Lady in waiting at the central court because of her family connections
C. Church cleric, one of the few women to hold this position
D. Striptease artist 12. Hagia Sophia was
A. The wife of Justinian, who proved to be a wise adviser
B. The magnificent church at Constantinople
C. The legal foundation for Justinian's Code
D. Justinian's most dangerous political enemy 13. Justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was
A. His reconquest of the western half of the Roman Empire
B. His democratic reforms
C. His religious compromise between the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches
D. His codification of Roman law 14. Justinian's issuance of the Corpus iuris civilis
A. Won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law
B. Outlawed the Greens and Blues
C. Brought immediate excommunication from the pope
D. Inspired the First Crusade 15. Italy, Sicily, northwestern Africa, and southern Spain were brought back under imperial control by the military victories of
A. Theodora
B. Belisarius
C. Basil II
D. Charlemagne 16. Constantinople withstood sieges in 674-678 and 717-718 by
A. The Sasanids
B. The Gauls
C. The Russians
D. Arabic forces 17. One of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was the political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province or
A. Theme
B. Sasanid
C. Corpus
D. Satrapy 18. The Byzantine ruler who led a resurgence of power in the eleventh century by crushing the Bulgars was
A. Theodora
B. Belisarius
C. Basil II
D. Justinian 19. The term Greek fire refers to
A. The devastating fire that swept through Constantinople in 1013
B. The passionate Byzantine loyalty to Greek philosophy
C. The smallpox epidemic that hit Constantinople in the twelfth century
D. The Byzantine incendiary weapon 20. Basil II crushed the Bulgars in 1014 at the Battle of
A. Manzikert
B. Kleidion
C. Constantinople
D. Kerbala 21. The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was
A. Belisarius
B. Livia
C. Hagia Sophia
D. Theodora 22. A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to the Frankish king,
A. Otto of Saxony
B. Charlemagne
C. Basil II
D. Cyril 23. In the year 962, Otto of Saxony
A. Accepted the sovereignty of the Byzantine emperors
B. Created a written alphabet for the Slavic people
C. Expanded the scope of Byzantine influence by translating Justinian's code into German
D. Claimed to rule as emperor of the old western half of the Roman Empire 24.
The theme system
A. Weakened the peasantry by taking their land away
B. Made land available to the peasants in return for military service
C. Led to the break between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
D. Limited the religious authority of the Byzantine emperors 25. By the late sixth century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of
A. Silk
B. Cotton
C. Tobacco
D. Gold 26. The bezant
A. Was the hereditary line of priests that dominated the Byzantine religious and social worlds
B. Headed the Byzantine banking industry
C. Was the Byzantine gold coin that became the standard currency in the Mediterranean basin
D. Was one of the two main factions inside Constantinople 27. From the sixth century on, the official language of Constantinople was
A. Latin
B. Turkish
C. Aramaic
D. Greek 28. The main factions during Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and who occasionally fought in the streets were
A. The Greens and Blues
B. The Greeks and Romans
C. The Greeks and Turks
D. The Bezant and Theme 29. Which of the following describes education in
Byzantium?
A. Byzantium fell far short of the standards set in the western half of the empire
B. Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society
C. Byzantium struggled because of the lack of a written language
D. Only the members of the central court could read and write 30. In 325 C.E., in an effort to answer the Arians, Constantine brought together leading churchmen at the Council of
A. Constantinople
B. Rome
C. Nicaea
D. Antioch 31. The Alexandrian priest, Arius, leader of the Arians, believed that
A. Jesus had been a mortal human being
B. Jesus was a mythological person created to represent certain basic church teachings
C. Jesus's nature was a solely divine one
D. Jesus possessed fully human and fully divine natures 32. Emperor Leo III inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of
A. Caesaropapism
B. Iconoclasm
C. Insisting that the patriarch of Constantinople was superior to the pope in Rome
D. Venerating religious icons 33. Which of the following was the first and most famous of the "pillar saints"?
A. St. Basil
B. St. Simeon Stylite
C. St. Augustine
D. St. Ignatius 34. St. Basil of Caesarea
A. Played a key role in the rise of monasticism
B. Excommunicated the pope and began the split inside Catholicism
C. Worked out a compromise between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
D. Began the movement known as iconoclasm 35. In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople
A. Met at the Council of Milan to settle old differences
B. Mutually excommunicated each other
C. Agreed on a joint plan to bring Christianity to Russia
D. Jointly called for a new crusade 36. The Fourth Crusade, in early 1204,
A. Recaptured Jerusalem from the Muslims
B. Suffered a disastrous defeat at the gates of Jerusalem
C. Is also known as the "children's crusade."
D. Sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine Empire 37. In a disaster from which the Byzantine Empire never really recovered, Constantinople was sacked in 1204 by the
A. Fourth Crusade
B. Saljuq Turks
C. Ottoman Turks
D. Sasanids 38. In 1071, Byzantium lost the Battle of Manzikert and control over Anatolia to the
A. Saljuq
B. Arabs
C. Ottoman Turks
D. Bulgars 39. The Byzantine Empire suffered a devastating loss to the Saljuqs in 1071 at the Battle of
A. Kleidon
B. Actium
C. Manzikert
D. Constantinople 40. Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the
A. Saljuq Turks
B. Sasanids
C. Mongols
D. Ottoman Turks 41. Saints Methodius and Cyril
A. Converted the Slavic lands to Roman Catholicism
B. Devised the Cyrillic alphabet
C. Were responsible for a compromise between the Roman Catholic and Russia Orthodox churches
D. Died while on a mission to spread the faith to Africa 42. What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople, was most important in the early rise of Russia?
A. Moscow
B. St. Petersburg
C. Kiev
D. Moravia 43. The rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of
A. Prince Vladimir
B. Peter the Great
C. Justinian
D. Ivan III 44. By the sixteenth century, Russians had begun to think of Moscow as
A. The most important trading center in eastern Europe
B. The mightiest military center in the world
C. The third Rome
D. The last true bastion of Roman Catholicism

Chapter 14 The Expansive Realm of Islam 45. The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the
A. Hajj
B. Hijra
C. Gadis
D. Sharia 46. The term Islam means
A. "Allah is great."
B. "Devotion to the rule of life."
C. "Submission."
D. "Allah desires for you what is easy, not what is hard." 47. The phrase, "one who has submitted," is the meaning of the term
A. Jain
B. Christian
C. Hindu
D. Muslim 48. The phrase dar al-Islam means
A. "Victory of god."
B. "Conquest of Islam."
C. "Warrior of Islam."
D. "House of Islam." 49. In 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named
A. Ibn Rushd
B. Khadija
C. Sufi
D. Sharia 50. The Quran
A. Is the holy book of Islam
B. Were the priests who watched over the Ka'ba
C. Was Muhammad's journey to Yathrib
D. Is the law code of Islam 51. The turning point in the rise of Islam was
A. Muhammad's pilgrimage to Istanbul
B. The rise of the Umayyad dynasty
C. The conquest of Egypt
D. The hijra 52. The Islamic holy law was known as the
A. Umma
B. Sharia
C. Ulama
D. Gadis 53. No religious leader could follow Muhammad, so political authority rested in the position of the
A. Ulama
B. Caliph
C. Hajj
D. Sultan 54. After the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of
A. Abu Bakr
B. Ali
C. Abu al-Abbas
D. Harun al-Rashid 55. The Shia believed that
A. The Umayyad dynasty were the only legitimate rulers
B. The caliphate should follow the line of Ali
C. That Allah was the main, but not necessarily the only, god
D. Leadership in the Islamic world could fall to any true believer 56. The main split inside Islam was between Sunni and
A. Ulama
B. Gadis
C. Shia
D. Umayyads 57. After the assassination of Ali, power fell to
A. The Umayyad dynasty
B. The Saljuq Turks
C. The Abbasid dynasty
D. The Byzantine Empire 58. The victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty
A. Forced the conquered peoples to convert to Islam
B. Allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions
C. Opened up positions of authority to non-Muslims
D. Restricted the jizya to practicing Muslims 59. The Umayyad insisted that conquered people pay a special head tax if they did not convert to Islam. This head tax was called the
A. Sakk
B. Ulama
C. Hajj
D. Jizya 60. The founder of the Abbasid dynasty was
A. Harun al-Rashid
B. Ali
C. Abu al-Abbas
D. Al-Ghazali 61. The Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that
A. It was not a conquering dynasty
B. It was much less cosmopolitan than its predecessor was
C. It conquered a much larger territory than its predecessor did
D. It stressed the Shia sect of Islam 62. The capital of the Abbasid Empire was
A. Damascus
B. Istanbul
C. Mecca
D. Baghdad 63. The word ulama refers to
A. "The house of Islam."
B. "Holy war."
C. "People with religious knowledge."
D. "The community of Allah." 64. During the last two hundred years of the Abbasid Empire, it fell under the control of the
A. Byzantine Empire
B. Ottoman Turkish Empire
C. Sasanids
D. Saljuq Turks 65. The Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end in 1258, when it was overrun by the
A. Mongols
B. Ottoman Turks
C. Saljuq Turks
D. Byzantines 66. What new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the Abbasid period?
A. Steel production
B. Paper manufacture
C. Bronze production
D. Textile production 67. Caravanserais were
A. Islamic thinkers who stressed a more emotional connection to Allah
B. Islamic officials
C. Inns offering food and lodging for traveling merchants
D. Heretical Muslims who practiced polytheism 68. Islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank, known as
A. Sakk
B. Gadis
C. Ka'ba
D. Sufis 69. The Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives?
A. One
B. Two
C. Four
D. Seven 70. How did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of women in the Islamic world?
A. Female infanticide was declared illegal
B. Islamic society became much less patriarchal
C. Polygamy was outlawed
D. Islamic society became more patriarchal 71. In an effort to recruit learned students, Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called
A. Madrasas
B. Sufis
C. Dar al-Islam
D. Umma 72. The Sufis believed
A. In reconciling the spiritual and rational worlds
B. That they, and not the Umayyads, were the legitimate rulers of the Islamic world
C. In an emotional and mystical union with Allah
D. That the leadership of the Islamic world had to pass through the line of Ali 73. The Persian influence on Islam is best seen in
A. Treatises on mathematics
B. Works calling for greater equality for women
C. Literary works
D. Mythology 74. The other name for the collection of stories known as The Arabian Nights is
A. The Rubaiyat
B. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
C. The Thousand and One Nights
D. The Quran 75. The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of
A. Mathematics
B. Mythology
C. Poetry
D. History 76. Arabic numbers actually had their origin in
A. India
B. China
C. Persia
D. Egypt 77. From which region did the Muslims adopt their numerals?
A. Persia
B. Greece
C. India
D. Arabia 78. The Islamic thinker who studied Aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism was
A. Omar Khayyam
B. Ibn Rushd
C. Ali
D. Al-Ghazali 79. The main influence on the thought of Ibn Rushd was
A. Muhammad
B. Confucius
C. Abu al-Abbas
D. Aristotle

Chapter 15 The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia 80. The Chinese Buddhist monk, Xuanzang, was famous for
A. Traveling to Constantinople as an envoy of the Sui emperors
B. His conversion to Nestorian Christianity
C. Traveling to India to collect Buddhist texts
D. Starting a new sect of Buddhism called Chan 81. The Sui dynasty was founded in 589 by
A. Yang Jian
B. Qin Shihuangdi
C. Tang Taizong
D. Song Taizu 82. The greatest contribution of Sui Yangdi, the second Sui emperor, was
A. A series of reforms that allowed the Sui to survive for another three-hundred years
B. The construction of the Grand Canal
C. His conversion to Buddhism
D. His conquest of Vietnam 83. The Sui construction of which of these items would have important economic implications well into the twentieth century?
A. Grand Canal
B. Great Wall
C. First printing press
D. Modern banking industry 84. The Grand Canal stretched from what city in the south to what city in the west?
A. Beijing to Nanjing
B. Chang'an to Nanjing
C. Hangzhou to Chang'an
D. Nanjing to Chang'an 85. The success of the Tang dynasty was due to its energetic second ruler. Who was he?
A. Yang Jian
B. Song Taizu
C. Qin Shihuangdi
D. Tang Taizong 86. The Tang plan to avoid the concentration of land in the hands of the wealthy was called the
A. Hangzhou system
B. Tang Taizong system
C. Kowtow system
D. Equal-field system 87. During the Tang dynasty, the imperial civil service examinations
A. Declined dramatically in importance
B. Were expanded, allowing posts to be filled with officials of genuine intellectual ability
C. Were halted and not restarted until the Ming dynasty
D. Were restricted to the wealthier families 88. During the Tang dynasty,
A. Powerful neighbors kept the Chinese from expanding
B. Most of far western China fell to barbarian tribes
C. Japan was brought under complete Chinese control
D. Chinese armies pushed into Korea, Manchuria, Tibet, and northern Vietnam 89. The kowtow
A. Was the "south-pointing needle."
B. Was the most popular school of Buddhism in China
C. Was a ritual prostration
D. Was the word that neo-Confucian scholars used when discussing physical matter 90. In 757, the Tang emperors were forced to invite the Turkish Uighurs to bring an army into China and suppress a rebellion by
A. Zhu Xi
B. An Lushan
C. Song Taizu
D. Huang Chao 91. The founder of the Song dynasty was
A. Song Wudi
B. Huang Chao
C. Song Taizu
D. Tang Taizung 92. The Song dynasty was substantially weakened by Song Taizu's decision to
A. Invade India
B. Allow scholar bureaucrats to lead the army
C. Dismantle the Chinese bureaucracy
D. Give his generals almost unlimited authority 93. In 1279, the Song dynasty finally fell to the
A. Mongols
B. Manchus
C. Khitan
D. Uighurs 94. The most important new crop introduced into China during the Tang and Song periods was
A. Cotton
B. Fast-ripening rice
C. Indigo
D. Oranges 95. Foot binding is probably the best example of
A. The technological brilliance of the Song dynasty
B. The influence of Buddhist customs as the religion became popular in China
C. The increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society
D. The influence of Japanese traditions on the Chinese 96. The most influential Chinese, naval, technological innovation was the
A. Use of rudders
B. Magnetic compass
C. Triangular sail
D. Shipboard cannon 97. What alleviated the shortage of copper coins during the Song and Tang periods?
A. Sakks
B. Letters of credit
C. Letters of transit
D. Checks 98. In 1024,
A. The Song emperors outlawed the printing of paper money by anyone
B. The Song emperors transferred the printing of paper money from governmental to private control
C. The Chinese economy collapsed because of inflation caused by the printing of paper money
D. The first paper money, printed under government auspices, appeared 99. Dunhuang in western China
A. Was the capital of the Tang dynasty
B. Contained an early Buddhist community
C. Served as the capital of the early Song dynasty
D. Was the first area that fell to the advancing Mongols 100. In an effort to win support in China by tying in to Chinese traditions, Buddhist missionaries translated the Indian term dharma as
A. Wuwei
B. Sui
C. Dao
D. Nalanda 101. One of the more popular schools of Buddhism in China was
A. Xuanzang Buddhism
B. Tang Buddhism
C. Hinayana Buddhism
D. Chan Buddhism 102. Japanese Zen Buddhism is based on
A. Chan Buddhism
B. Pure Land Buddhism
C. Kusha Buddhism
D. Mani Buddhism 103. In the 840s, Tang emperors
A. Made Buddhism the favored religion of the central court
B. Officially favored the Manichaeans instead of the Buddhists
C. Converted to Buddhism but didn't force the spread of the religion
D. Ordered the closure of monasteries and the expulsion of Buddhists 104. The Silla dynasty in Korea copied China in many ways, but never
A. Adopted Confucian thought
B. Converted to Buddhism
C. Formed a tributary relationship with China
D. Established a bureaucracy based on merit 105. In the seventh century C.E., the Tang dynasty agreed to a political compromise with the Korean __________ dynasty.
A. Silla
B. Kamakura
C. Sui
D. Nara 106. In regard to their relationship with China, the Viet people
A. Revolted against the Tang and won their independence
B. Were not influenced by Chinese thought
C. Gladly accepted the tributary status in order to gain access to Chinese markets
D. Copied Confucianism but never converted to Buddhism 107. In relation to Chinese traditions and influences, Vietnamese women
A. Were forced to accept foot binding
B. Played a more prominent role in society and the economy
C. Had far fewer rights than Chinese women
D. Were excluded from the local marketplaces 108. The native religion of Japan is
A. Hinduism
B. Buddhism
C. Shintoism
D. Daoism 109. Chinese influence on Japan was most profound during the
A. Kamakura shogunate
B. Heian period
C. Nara period
D. Muromachi shogunate 110. The Japanese city of Nara was a copy of the Tang capital of
A. Beijing
B. Chang'an
C. Hangzhou
D. Nanjing 111. In 1185 the Minamoto clan defeated their rival the Taira clan and
A. Restored power in the hands of the emperor
B. Established the Muromachi shogunate
C. Established the Minamoto shogunate
D. Established the Kamakura shogunate 112. Which of the following refers to a mounted warrior?
A. Shogun
B. Samurai
C. Shinto
D. Heian 113. The cultural development of Heian Japan reflects
A. Vietnam
B. Korea
C. India
D. China 114. What was the title of the military governor who ruled in place of the Japanese emperor?
A. Shogun
B. Samurai
C. Kamakazi
D. Shinto

ANSWER KEY CH 13 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C | CH 14 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C 61. A 62. D 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. C 70. D 71. A 72. C 73. C 74. C 75. A 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D | CH 15 80. C 81. A 82. B 83. A 84. C 85. D 86. D 87. B 88. D 89. C 90. B 91. C 92. B 93. A 94. B 95. C 96. B 97. B 98. D 99. B 100. C 101. D 102. A 103. D 104. D 105. A 106. A 107. B 108. C 109. C 110. B 111. D 112. B 113. D 114. A |