AP World History ch.5
Chapter 5 Outline
I. Opening Vignette
A. In 2004, China celebrated the 2,555th birthday of Confucius, despite Communism. 1. Buddhism and Christianity also growing rapidly in China 2. part of enduring legacy of the classical world
B. In the period around 500 b.c.e., there was a great emergence of durable cultural traditions that have shaped the world ever since. 1. China: Kong Fuzi (Confucius) and Laozi 2. India: Upanishads defined Hinduism a. Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism 3. Middle East: development of monotheism a. Persia: Zoroastrianism (prophet Zarathustra) b. Israel: Judaism (prophets such as Isaiah) 4. Greece: rational humanism (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, et al.) 5. all sought an alternative to polytheism, placating of gods through ritual and sacrifice a. quest for source of order and meaning in the universe b. guide humans to personal moral or spiritual transformation (especially development of compassion) c. the questions they pose still trouble and inspire humankind d. they defined their distinctive cultures
C. Why did all these traditions emerge at about the same time? 1. some historians point to major social changes a. iron-age technology led to higher productivity and deadlier war b. growing cities, increasing commerce c. emergence of new states and empires d. new contacts between civilizations 2. it’s a mystery why particular societies developed particular answers
II. China and the Search for Order
A. China had a state-building tradition that went back to around 2000 b.c.e. 1. idea of Mandate of Heaven was established by 1122 b.c.e.(foundation of the Zhou dynasty) 2. breakdown into the chaos of the “age of warring states” (403–221 b.c.e.) a. chaos made the quest for order urgent
B. The Legalist Answer 1. Han Feizi was a leading Legalist philosopher
I. Opening Vignette
A. In 2004, China celebrated the 2,555th birthday of Confucius, despite Communism. 1. Buddhism and Christianity also growing rapidly in China 2. part of enduring legacy of the classical world
B. In the period around 500 b.c.e., there was a great emergence of durable cultural traditions that have shaped the world ever since. 1. China: Kong Fuzi (Confucius) and Laozi 2. India: Upanishads defined Hinduism a. Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism 3. Middle East: development of monotheism a. Persia: Zoroastrianism (prophet Zarathustra) b. Israel: Judaism (prophets such as Isaiah) 4. Greece: rational humanism (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, et al.) 5. all sought an alternative to polytheism, placating of gods through ritual and sacrifice a. quest for source of order and meaning in the universe b. guide humans to personal moral or spiritual transformation (especially development of compassion) c. the questions they pose still trouble and inspire humankind d. they defined their distinctive cultures
C. Why did all these traditions emerge at about the same time? 1. some historians point to major social changes a. iron-age technology led to higher productivity and deadlier war b. growing cities, increasing commerce c. emergence of new states and empires d. new contacts between civilizations 2. it’s a mystery why particular societies developed particular answers
II. China and the Search for Order
A. China had a state-building tradition that went back to around 2000 b.c.e. 1. idea of Mandate of Heaven was established by 1122 b.c.e.(foundation of the Zhou dynasty) 2. breakdown into the chaos of the “age of warring states” (403–221 b.c.e.) a. chaos made the quest for order urgent
B. The Legalist Answer 1. Han Feizi was a leading Legalist philosopher