Communication Anxiety

A review of scholarly journals which using only the term of communication apprehension would appear in many results. This is because over time education research on communication apprehension has results under a variety of terms. Even though the majority of research articles historically used communication anxiety terms back then it was interchangeably important in research to make a difference between them. An overview of other terms associated with communication anxiety. The first term advanced by Gerald Phillip s (1968) to illustrate an individual who presented communication apprehension as follows:
“People who are having a communication apprehension are the one who is unwilling to discuss any ideas and problems with others and seems extremely
scared by people surroundings. He or she rarely asks a questions, does not socialize well, and sometimes physical upsets are often associated with his effort to communicate. Though he may also be able to handle a minimal communicative requirement and also face-to-face contact with others normally are threatens him. He also does not anticipate success in communicative connections which involving a speech. He also may be defined as a person form whom has an anxiety about participation in oral communication outweighs his shelf of gain from the situation.” Shyness is another term that is used as a communication apprehension assembles.
This assemble was first created by Philip Zimbardo in 1977, but his definition was described as vague at the best. Paul Pilkonis, Carol Heape, and Robert Klein (1980) have captured a clearer version of the term in the following definition as follows:
“We define shyness as a people trend which to avoid other people, fail to respond appropriately to others (for example, by being incapable to look others in the eye or being afraid to talk to them), and feel nervous and anxious during interactions with others. In behavioural terms, shy people are characterized by which avoidance of social interaction, and when this is unworkable, by shyness and an inability to respond in an engaging way, they are disinclined to talk, to make eye contact, to gesture, and also to smile. (p.
250)”
Research have been focused on communication anxiety which began to surface in scholarly journals in the early 1900 s, but according to McCroskey (1997b) this early research is focused in primarily on public speaking and stage of fright.
McCroskey (1984) defined that oral communication apprehension is an individual’s level of fear or anxiety which are associated with either real or anticipated oral communication with another person and persons. In the different point of view of expert, according to Staga and Ladd (1990) said that for an individual with high communication apprehension have the negative feeling about communicating outweigh to perceived benefits of communicating. So it can identify that the failure students to develop their communication skills may not be due to the quality of training and education, but it may result from the students experiencing high levels of communication
apprehension.
Early studies in the oral communication anxieties were establish by researchers who are interested in the field of communication studies. A list of these researchers would be too long to list, but the list include Howard Gilkinson (1942), Gordon Paul (1966), James McCroskey (1977a), and Gerald Philips (1968). In reality, mostly McCroskey’s definition of communication apprehension is still the widely used as definition in communication apprehension literature (Jill Annwette Love, 2013).