Reacting to the theory of Fukuyama, Samuel P. Huntington resumed the expression "Clash of civilizations" in 1993 and speculates that it is mainly cultural and religious identities which will be the source of conflict in the world of the post-Cold War in the future. He bases his analysis of future conflicts on the concept of "Civilization" (as the highest stage of cultural identity). He argues that the clash of civilizations will dominate global politics and conflicts will be in Inter civilizations areas, like those that swept the former Yugoslavia, India and Pakistan, and many others.
For Huntington, the two civilizations that arose as antagonists and competing in Western civilization are the Chinese civilization and Islam. In fact, he thinks that an Islamic junction ensures cooperation between China and Iran Pakistan, in the interest and for the benefit of China. In this perspective, Huntington argues that the shock West vs. Islam conflict will be the most destructive of the 21th century; in fact, a sort of Third World War, which must press the U.S to ensure Japan and Russia’ support, to counter the Islamic junction.
According to Huntington, the organization of the current unipolar world today is unsustainable and this equation between modernization and Westernization is a sham that hides the evolution of a multipolar and multi civilizational world. The assumption that the emergence of several poles goes