Compare & Contrast Between Scientific and Behavioral Theories of Management
Section Two
Salient Management Theories
A. Classical Approach of Management Theory: 1. Scientific Management School. 2. Administrative Management Theory. B. Behavioral Approach of Management Theory: 1. Mayo and the Hawthorne Experiments. 2. McGregor and Theory X and Theory Y. C. Theory Z: The Japanese Management Techniques.
A. Classical Schools of Management Theory 1- Scientific Management School:
(Fredrick Winslow Taylor: 1856 -1915)
(1) Introduction:
Scientific management theory is one of the classical approach theories that concentrated on work and production rather than on workers. This theory appeared in USA as a reaction to the drastic technological changes and the need to attain maximum productivity through far efficient workers.
This theory is commonly related to Fredrick w. Taylor. However, Taylor may be counted as the first among others such as Mathew Boulton, James Watt, Robert Owen, Henry Towny, Charles Babbage, Frank Gilberth, Harrington, Emerson and Henry Gantt, to mention only few.
Taylor was an intense person, deeply committed to the study and understanding of work and the improvement of worker efficiency. Started as a common laborer In the Midvale steel company, Taylor proceeded to become an engineer, not at Harvard where his parents wanted him to go, but by attending the seven institute of technology at night. Before Taylor’s efforts, workers performed jobs according to hunches and intuition. Instead, Taylor broke each job down into its component tasks (i.e. job fractionation), thus creating basic work units of the job. Through time and motion studies, and by determining the most efficient way of doing each “basic work unit” and then combining the work units into a total task, Taylor arrived to a system called “piece rate” . Based on the piece rate system workers were paid their
Salient Management Theories
A. Classical Approach of Management Theory: 1. Scientific Management School. 2. Administrative Management Theory. B. Behavioral Approach of Management Theory: 1. Mayo and the Hawthorne Experiments. 2. McGregor and Theory X and Theory Y. C. Theory Z: The Japanese Management Techniques.
A. Classical Schools of Management Theory 1- Scientific Management School:
(Fredrick Winslow Taylor: 1856 -1915)
(1) Introduction:
Scientific management theory is one of the classical approach theories that concentrated on work and production rather than on workers. This theory appeared in USA as a reaction to the drastic technological changes and the need to attain maximum productivity through far efficient workers.
This theory is commonly related to Fredrick w. Taylor. However, Taylor may be counted as the first among others such as Mathew Boulton, James Watt, Robert Owen, Henry Towny, Charles Babbage, Frank Gilberth, Harrington, Emerson and Henry Gantt, to mention only few.
Taylor was an intense person, deeply committed to the study and understanding of work and the improvement of worker efficiency. Started as a common laborer In the Midvale steel company, Taylor proceeded to become an engineer, not at Harvard where his parents wanted him to go, but by attending the seven institute of technology at night. Before Taylor’s efforts, workers performed jobs according to hunches and intuition. Instead, Taylor broke each job down into its component tasks (i.e. job fractionation), thus creating basic work units of the job. Through time and motion studies, and by determining the most efficient way of doing each “basic work unit” and then combining the work units into a total task, Taylor arrived to a system called “piece rate” . Based on the piece rate system workers were paid their