Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to expect the concerns of an deed. Utilitarianism’s creed is that the result of any action takes importance over any type of means, this means that Utilitarianisms objective is to help as many individuals as possible even if it were to negatively disturb people along the way so as long as it helped the general populace. Basically, it’s the ends that matter not necessarily the means.…
“The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness” (11). That quote is from “Utilitarianism” written by John Stuart Mill. Mill is noted in history as a man who pushed for radical change of social and legal principles using Utilitarianism as his guide. That quote sums up his belief in that theory. In this essay I will be discussing Mill, the theory of Utilitarianism and how that theory relates to contemporary ethical issues.…
Utilitarianism theories hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences. An action or practice is right if it leads to the best possible balance of good consequences over bad consequences for all affected parties. (Arnold, pp 17)…
Pleasures and pain contribute in determining the classification of one’s actions. In Mill’s Utilitarianism, he examines what determines an action to be considered right or wrong, his own version of the hedonistic utilitarianism argument. He claims that these qualities, including the quantity, are an important factor in determining, when included in the consequences, the criteria of an action. The consequences are significant in determining the results of one’s actions.…
In mere consideration of the outcomes, act-utilitarianism moves beyond the scope of our own interests, and takes into account the interests of others, in this case the public. According to philosopher John Stuart Mill, the intentions of an action are to be…
Humanity’s attempts to study the state of society have stretched back throughout the ages. From forefathers such as Socrates or Aristophanes to the great enlightenment philosophers of Locke or Voltaire, all have grappled with the questions of how humanity best functions as a collective. John Stuart Mill, hailed as a paradigmatic liberal political philosopher, continues this tradition of thought in his work On Liberty published in 1859. Mill’s major argument made is that the individual is sovereign in their actions insofar as they do not impeach upon the rights of others. His justifications centre strongly on the principles of utilitarianism, providing a model he believes to offer the greatest happiness to the greatest number. Through specific analysis it can be seen that he optimizes societal benefit by placing import on individuality but conversely justifying exactly when governance and restraint need to be exercised. Overall, his conclusions are an attempt to unify two competing social factors, individual liberty against circumstances in which power can be exerted over another, articulated in what has become known as the ‘harm principle’.…
Mill, J. S. (1863). “Utilitarianism.” Exploring philosophy: an introductory anthology (4th ed., pp. 420-427). New York: Oxford University Press.…
Utilitarianism, the theory that actions are right if they useful for the majority, the greatest happiness and pleasure for the greatest and majority of people. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was an English moral philosopher concerned with social reform, Bentham wanted people to seek pleasure and avoid pain. On the other hand John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) who was a great admirer of Bentham; however, he believed in the principle of utility and the idea that please should be ranked according to quality not quantity. For example: eating a mars bar is a poorer pleasure compared to listening to poetry. Mill believing in pleasures of the mind is greater than pleasures of the body (eating). Within this essay I shall be discussing the different views of Bentham and Mill and how their theories are strengths for the utilitarian system.…
The writings of John Stuart Mill, the father of modern liberalism, promotes ideas of democracy, saying that the interests of the majority is important. One of these ideas is Utilitarianism, which suggests that the correct moral choice is the one that maximizes utility. One example of this being that the death of one person to save multiple lives instead of letting many people die is the best choice in most cases, since it benefits the most people. Peter Singer goes even further and suggests that people are morally obligated to help and give to others above all else until doing so would harm yourself. I will be examining these two beliefs in this essay and ultimately deciding if maximizing utility is always the correct moral action.…
Conventional wisdom has it that justice and morality are two, separate entities. However, Mill argues that they can be different, but intertwined in utilitarianism. Morality has been illustrated as seeing the right path in which to embark on – integrity coming from honorable intentions. Specifically found in Mill’s explanation of the ultimate decency of principles that can be found in both morality itself, along with justice itself, are most expressed in a centralized government. Mill’s reasoning is rooted in his utilitarian belief that management is the driving factor in perfect harmony between justice and morality within society. There are multiple responses to Mill’s theory, especially on his claims of what is utility’s most effective relationship with…
Mill’s Utilitarianism states that in order to be moral, one must make decisions based upon the greatest happiness. In…
Two different forms of utilitarianism are described in our text. The first is called act utilitarianism. According to Shaw and Barry, act utilitarianism states that we must ask ourselves what the consequences of a particular act in a particular situation will be for all those affected (p.60).…
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory most often ascribed to the philosopher John Stuart Mill. The utilitarian theory suggests actions and/or intentions are not right or wrong; rather the morality of a choice or act is determined by the outcome or result. Utilitarian’s believe outcomes can be determined in advance of an action and the ethical choice is one which provides the best result or most happiness for the greatest number of individuals (e.g., pleasure, happiness, health, knowledge, satisfaction). The utility theory asserts morality is a means to some other end, it does not stand on its own as being intrinsically moral.…
Affirmative actions are the ‘social programs’ that help many individuals that were mistreated in the past in the form of injustice and inequality. These programs help them to recover with what all they went through in the past. Especially they were more helpful for the poor people, African-Americans and other disadvantaged minorities including women that were treated unfairly due to their differences such as their ‘age’ and ‘sex.’ To this, some people had argued that simple justice is requiring for the people, but some people also had argued that these programs are unjust since simple justice compels us to treat everyone equally. These affirmative programs have helped many people to get into the colleges or schools and to get their match jobs. The arguments that are for and against the various types of affirmative action are…
John Stuart Mill's philosophy followed the doctrines of his father James Mill and his father's mentor and compatriate, Jeremy Bentham. John was raised from birth by his father for the primary purpose of progressing the utilitarian theories which both he and Bentham ascribed. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the right course of action is the one that maximises the overall "good". Bentham’s work on utilitarianism was foundational for the work which was done by Mills.…