Components of Animal Feed
Chapter 9 (Nutrients and Feedstuffs)
Nutrient – component of feed that aids in the support of life
Feed – any material, after ingestion by the animal, that is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilized * Not all feed is utilized
Lignin – indigestible * Lignin is what the outer wall of a plant cell * The older the plant is the more lignin it has
Components of animal feed * Water – (#1 most important nutrient) * Dry matter * Inorganic matter (minerals) * Organic matter * Carbohydrates * Lipids * Protein * Vitamins * Hay – 10% water & 90% dry matter
Water:
* Functions of water * Transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste * Chemical reactions * Regulation of body temperature
Sources of Water * Drinking water * Water in feed * Metabolic water – Recycling water
Factors that affect water intake * Temperature * Feed type * Pasture * Water type (quality) * Stage of Production (pregnant, foal, etc…)
Protein
* Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen * Only 1 with nitrogen * Composed of amino acids * Protein need declines with age * Must be supplied in non-ruminant diets
Lipids
* Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen * Has glycerol backbone with one, two, or three fatty acids attached by an ester linkage * Monoglyceride * Diglyceride * Triglyceride * Fatty Acids (range in length from 2- 24 carbons) * Unsaturated * Saturated (no double bonds between carbons) * Solid at room temperature * Fat has higher energy density than other nutrients * Gross energy = (kcal/g)
Volatile fatty Acids * Three fatty acids are the end product of carbohydrate digestion in the ruminant * Basically gases * Energy source for ruminants * 3 types: * Acetic * Propionic * Butyric
Carbohydrates
Nutrient – component of feed that aids in the support of life
Feed – any material, after ingestion by the animal, that is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilized * Not all feed is utilized
Lignin – indigestible * Lignin is what the outer wall of a plant cell * The older the plant is the more lignin it has
Components of animal feed * Water – (#1 most important nutrient) * Dry matter * Inorganic matter (minerals) * Organic matter * Carbohydrates * Lipids * Protein * Vitamins * Hay – 10% water & 90% dry matter
Water:
* Functions of water * Transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste * Chemical reactions * Regulation of body temperature
Sources of Water * Drinking water * Water in feed * Metabolic water – Recycling water
Factors that affect water intake * Temperature * Feed type * Pasture * Water type (quality) * Stage of Production (pregnant, foal, etc…)
Protein
* Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen * Only 1 with nitrogen * Composed of amino acids * Protein need declines with age * Must be supplied in non-ruminant diets
Lipids
* Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen * Has glycerol backbone with one, two, or three fatty acids attached by an ester linkage * Monoglyceride * Diglyceride * Triglyceride * Fatty Acids (range in length from 2- 24 carbons) * Unsaturated * Saturated (no double bonds between carbons) * Solid at room temperature * Fat has higher energy density than other nutrients * Gross energy = (kcal/g)
Volatile fatty Acids * Three fatty acids are the end product of carbohydrate digestion in the ruminant * Basically gases * Energy source for ruminants * 3 types: * Acetic * Propionic * Butyric
Carbohydrates