Corporal Punishment
Corporal Punishment and the Lasting Effects – Literature Review
Corporal punishment is widely recognized as a public health issue. It the most common form of violence experienced by children. The term “corporal punishment” is often taken to be different from abuse. However, corporal punishment and abuse are not two separate concepts, the effects are very similar and the only difference is the degree. Corporal punishment, just like abuse, has many risk factors that have lasting effects on the child exposed to it. It kills, injures and disables many children every year (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d) Some of those risk factors include mental health problems, behaviour disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem, alcoholism, self-mutilation and suicidal tendency (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d). This literature review focuses on the true effects of corporal punishment. It also helps to prove the hypothesis that states that children exposed to corporal punishment growing up are more likely to use corporal punishment on their own children. Often time’s corporal punishment is used because parents think that physically punishing their child will in turn straighten them up and change their behaviour. This in fact is not true; it has no effectiveness in changing the child’s behaviour (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d). Discipline is meant to be guidance for children’s morals; it allows them to learn how to take responsibility for themselves when they are older (The State of Research, n.d). The Ministry of Social Development found that physical punishment (corporal punishment) causes decreased moral internalism. This means that the child’s morals are actually decreased and that they struggle develop the moral norms that they should develop. They also found that using corporal punishment increases the chance of the child being victim to abuse later in life from a spouse. The connection here is that they fall
Corporal punishment is widely recognized as a public health issue. It the most common form of violence experienced by children. The term “corporal punishment” is often taken to be different from abuse. However, corporal punishment and abuse are not two separate concepts, the effects are very similar and the only difference is the degree. Corporal punishment, just like abuse, has many risk factors that have lasting effects on the child exposed to it. It kills, injures and disables many children every year (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d) Some of those risk factors include mental health problems, behaviour disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem, alcoholism, self-mutilation and suicidal tendency (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d). This literature review focuses on the true effects of corporal punishment. It also helps to prove the hypothesis that states that children exposed to corporal punishment growing up are more likely to use corporal punishment on their own children. Often time’s corporal punishment is used because parents think that physically punishing their child will in turn straighten them up and change their behaviour. This in fact is not true; it has no effectiveness in changing the child’s behaviour (Corporal Punishment Right to Health, n.d). Discipline is meant to be guidance for children’s morals; it allows them to learn how to take responsibility for themselves when they are older (The State of Research, n.d). The Ministry of Social Development found that physical punishment (corporal punishment) causes decreased moral internalism. This means that the child’s morals are actually decreased and that they struggle develop the moral norms that they should develop. They also found that using corporal punishment increases the chance of the child being victim to abuse later in life from a spouse. The connection here is that they fall
References: Arluke, A., Levin, J., Luke, C., & Ascione, F. (1999). The Relationship Of Animal Abuse To Violence And Other Forms Of Antisocial Behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(9), 963-975. Corporal punishment and Children’s Right to Health. (n.d.). Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. Retrieved October 26, 2013, from http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Children/Study/RightHealth/GIEACPC.pdf P.Flynn, C. (1999). Exploring the Link between Corporal Punishment and Children 's Cruelty to Animals. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(4), 971-981. The Correlation of Childhood Physical Abuse History and Later Abuse in a Group of Turkish Population. (n.d.). The Correlation of Childhood Physical Abuse History and Later Abuse in a Group of Turkish Population. Retrieved December 14, 2013, from http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/26/17/345 The State of Research on the Effects of Physical Punishment. (n.d.). - Ministry of Social Development. Retrieved October 26, 2013, from http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj27/the-state-of-research-on-effects-of-physical-punishment-27-pages114-127.html