Common law - yes! Based on theory there were no other safeguards
Texas- no!
Unlawful used of force by police-
Tazers- must be "reasonable and necessary" against unlawful act
Handcuffs- when an arrest is made--yes! Investigative stop--sometimes!
The use of force in discipline children A parent or person in loco parentis(in place of) When it is reasonable!
Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2013). Police ethics and police deviance. An introduction to policing (7th ed., pp. 242-243). Albany, N.Y.: Delmar.
Bryant, J. I. (2008). Vigilance on the border: An exploration of the dynamics of civilian patrol. (Order No. 3345774, State University of New York at Albany). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 195-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304375672?accountid=7119. (304375672).
Lytle Hernandez, K. A. (2002). Entangling bodies and borders: Racial profiling and the united states border patrol, 1924--1955. (Order No. 3045601, University of California, Los Angeles). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 216-216 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304794796?accountid=7119. (304794796).
Rivera, K. D. (2010). Emotional labor, dirty work & the face of immigration at the U.S. border patrol. (Order No. 3425765, Arizona State University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 252-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/757928327? accountid=7119. (757928327).
White, S. (1999). Controlling police corruption. Poverty and prejudice: paradoxes of U.S. drug policies , 1. Retrieved October 24, 2013, from http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/hwhite.html
Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, L. S. (2013). Police ethics and police deviance . An introduction to policing (7th ed., pp. 242-243).