Critique On Evidence Based Practice
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QUANITATIVE RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE
Quantitative Critique: Evidence Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation among Nurses:
A Cross-Sectional Study
Evidence Based Nursing Research and Practice
April 9, 2017
This paper is a nursing critique of a quantitative research paper written by Kjersti Stokke, Nina R. Olsen, Brigitte Espehaug and Monica W. Nortredt (2014) entitled: Evidence Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Throughout the period of September 20, 2010 through December 6, 2010 356 nurses at a Specialist, University Hospital for cancer treatment in Norway was studied. The purpose of this case study was to monitor nurse’s beliefs toward EBP and EBP implementation …show more content…
to see if there was a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation. My critique of this article is that it focused more on testing a theory and collection and analysis of data in numeric form. My concern is that EBP is very new in Norway and that the proper questions were not asked and that only nurses was studied instead of a broader interdisciplinary group.
Introduction
The introduction is the formal presentation of what the authors researched and the results from the study. Stated in the article the authors provide written information for the readers, through step by step representation of the problem. To investigate whether there is positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation with reinforcing components (Stokke, Olsen, Espehaug, and Nortredt 2014). In the article the authors did a good job of explaining what EBP was it components, however the author explained that EBP is rather new in Norway and that not much is known about EBP usage and beliefs. After reading this it brought upon some skeptics and confusion, because the author explained in great details the definition and factors of EBP, but lost creditability as to reasons why it have taken so long for Norwegians to implement EBP. The authors could have listed the reasons it took so look to adapt to this concept and compare the then and now to see if progress is being made and the quantitative method in establishing the connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation.
Researcher Qualification The researcher credentials and qualification was not listed in the article making it difficult to indicate if they are academically and educationally qualified to have knowledge in the investigated area. In the section Authors Contributions K. Stokke performed the study, contributed to the data analysis, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscripts. B. Esphaung contributed to the data analysis, N. Olsen and M. Nortredt supervised the study, contributed the conception and design. All authors helped in revising the paper and approving the final manuscript. It can be determined that K. Stokke played a greater role in the study that the other three researchers. The World Health Organization: European Observatory on Health Systems and policies was also seed in the study.
Review of Literature In quantitative research literature review is defined as an integrated synthesis drawing a select list of academic sources with a strong relation to the topic question (libguides.scu.edu). The literature review should mainly focus on the researchers question at hand by concentrating on relevant materials. In the background section of the article the authors who studied this topic previous from other countries reported that nurses use EBP to a limited extent, barriers such as: lack of time to read literature, lack of authority, lack of staff experience in EBP and lack of supportive leadership and resources (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2013). Despite these barriers the authors hinted that nurses had a positive attitude and beliefs towards EBP (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). The literature provides only a few barriers why nurses use EBP to a limited extent and does not clearly support the author’s opinions.
Purpose
The purpose of an article is usually listed in the introduction section; however this article does not have an introduction which made it difficult to determine exactly what the case study was about. Meanwhile, in the background section the purpose of the case study is clearly stated. The purpose is to investigate if there is a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2104).
Problem Statement The reason for the case study is explained in the background, results and conclusion section of the report. The researcher states the purpose of the report is to investigate whether nurses have a post connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation scale (r=0.59, p=0.001), indicating the stronger the beliefs a nurse have in EBP the higher the nurse will report implementations. This statement can be agreed upon, because if someone have passion about something they are going to discuss it with others, their passion could be their family, career, education or money.
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework is a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides the research (statisticssolutions.com).
Theoretical framework help to clarify the theory the author is trying to define. There are two factors that usually come into question when presenting theoretical framework in quantities review: The research problem and the rationale for conducting an investigation of the problem (statisticssolutions.com). The problem in this article is to determine if there is a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2014). The rationale for conducting the studies found that in previous studies nurses rarely incorporated research in their daily nursing practice and often uses the knowledge they have from …show more content…
experience.
Research Design Listed in the methods section of the article a descriptive comparative research design was used with a cross-sectional sampling between nurses at a Specialty Hospital for treatment of cancer patients. Descriptive research describes what exists and may help uncover new facts and meaning. The purpose of a descriptive research is to: observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation as it naturally happen (Polit and Hungler 1999). Once the data is collected it can provide a description of person and or situations. In this study the participants was given a questionnaire out of 356 nurses only 187 nurses returned the questionnaire. There were three tools used to obtain data in a descriptive study questionnaire, interviews and observation (Polit and Hungler 1999).
Sampling/Sampling Threats
The sampling section used in the case study was the simplest form of probability sampling (world health organization). The authors used simple random sampling on 356 nurses who worked at the hospital used of “Between September 20th through December 6th 2010 (cirt.gcu.edu). In quantitative research there are several questions that have to be addressed when sampling is involved: What study population should the sample come from? How many people should be involved in our sample? How will these people be selected (apps.who.int)? The sampling selection was carefully targeted and defined however; there was so many components use which could become confusing. The researchers used a Belief scale with subgroups, Implementation Scale, demographic data, background information, 5 Point Liker Scale and example statements. Geez! That is a lot to ask of a nurse especially if they have worked long hours and is already tired. This could be the reason why the researchers only received half the questionnaires in return. All nurses was asked to sign a written consent which was anonymous and on a voluntary basis after they were given an explanation about the study (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, Nortredt).
Data Collection The data collected was used using a cross sectional sampling method of nurses who worked at a Specialist Hospital for treatment of cancer patients (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). The data gathered consisted of two parts the Norwegian translation of the EBP Belief Scale and the EBP Implementation Scale (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). These scales have been used in the past testing for creditability and reliability amongst nurses. The researchers also, used probability data such as the nurse’s age, education, job title, seniority and participation in EBP work groups (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). All data collected were of sufficient quality and quantity to provide depth to the case study.
Data Analysis
The researched analysis of the data collected seems to be partially valid and somewhat unclear. The researchers used substitution for missing data on the EBP Scale and EBP Implementation Scale, for unanswered items less than 20 percent. The substitution method was recommendation from Polit and Beck the creators of the scales and IBM SPSS Software Version 18.0 for (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, Nortredt). Cronbach’s Alpha is a measure of internal consistently, that is how closely related a set of items are as a group Cronbach’s Alpha is considered to be a measure of scale reliability (stats.idre.ucla.edu) Other methods used in the study were: Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Cronbach Alpha Descriptive Data. With all these different methods used the level of significance was less than 0.05 (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). It is really hard to determine how valid and reliable the collected data is because they used a method of substitution.
Discussion of Findings In the beginning a total of 356 Nurses was given the questionnaire between September and December. Only a total of 187 forms were returned with 185 accepted. There were two questionnaires’ thrown out because the participants answered less than 80 percent of the given questions (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, Nortredt). Over half the participants had BSN degrees, less than 40 percent were specialty nurses, 7.6 percent worked as charge nurses and 87 percent were full time employees.
Implication of Nursing Practice Nursing Implications are the related consequences of something; a disease, medication or procedure, not the medical side effects, but the things for the nurse to resolve (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt).
The nursing implication was not clear in the article and too much information was given to determine if implications of nursing practice was relevant. Nursing implication are the nurse responsibility and what they should be assessing for and this article did not provide much information on this topic which made it irrelevant.
Conclusion
The article was descriptive, informative, well organized, easy to read, but confusing. The authors did a good job in explaining the case study to the readers making it easy to interpret for the readers. The research question was answered why nurses believe in EBP but do not implement those practices into their daily work routine. It can be determined that the study leave a little skeptics and doubt, because the authors credentials and educations was not included in the article and the researchers used substitution methods in the
questionnaire.
References
Stokke, K, Olsen, N.R., Espehaug, B., & Nortvedt, M. W. Evidence based practice beliefs and implementation among nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 13(8), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-13-8
Statisticsolutions.com
Health.herts.ac.uk
Cirt.guc.edu
Apps.who.int
Allnurses.com
QUANITATIVE RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE
Quantitative Critique: Evidence Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation among Nurses:
A Cross-Sectional Study
Evidence Based Nursing Research and Practice
April 9, 2017
This paper is a nursing critique of a quantitative research paper written by Kjersti Stokke, Nina R. Olsen, Brigitte Espehaug and Monica W. Nortredt (2014) entitled: Evidence Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Throughout the period of September 20, 2010 through December 6, 2010 356 nurses at a Specialist, University Hospital for cancer treatment in Norway was studied. The purpose of this case study was to monitor nurse’s beliefs toward EBP and EBP implementation …show more content…
to see if there was a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation. My critique of this article is that it focused more on testing a theory and collection and analysis of data in numeric form. My concern is that EBP is very new in Norway and that the proper questions were not asked and that only nurses was studied instead of a broader interdisciplinary group.
Introduction
The introduction is the formal presentation of what the authors researched and the results from the study. Stated in the article the authors provide written information for the readers, through step by step representation of the problem. To investigate whether there is positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation with reinforcing components (Stokke, Olsen, Espehaug, and Nortredt 2014). In the article the authors did a good job of explaining what EBP was it components, however the author explained that EBP is rather new in Norway and that not much is known about EBP usage and beliefs. After reading this it brought upon some skeptics and confusion, because the author explained in great details the definition and factors of EBP, but lost creditability as to reasons why it have taken so long for Norwegians to implement EBP. The authors could have listed the reasons it took so look to adapt to this concept and compare the then and now to see if progress is being made and the quantitative method in establishing the connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation.
Researcher Qualification The researcher credentials and qualification was not listed in the article making it difficult to indicate if they are academically and educationally qualified to have knowledge in the investigated area. In the section Authors Contributions K. Stokke performed the study, contributed to the data analysis, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscripts. B. Esphaung contributed to the data analysis, N. Olsen and M. Nortredt supervised the study, contributed the conception and design. All authors helped in revising the paper and approving the final manuscript. It can be determined that K. Stokke played a greater role in the study that the other three researchers. The World Health Organization: European Observatory on Health Systems and policies was also seed in the study.
Review of Literature In quantitative research literature review is defined as an integrated synthesis drawing a select list of academic sources with a strong relation to the topic question (libguides.scu.edu). The literature review should mainly focus on the researchers question at hand by concentrating on relevant materials. In the background section of the article the authors who studied this topic previous from other countries reported that nurses use EBP to a limited extent, barriers such as: lack of time to read literature, lack of authority, lack of staff experience in EBP and lack of supportive leadership and resources (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2013). Despite these barriers the authors hinted that nurses had a positive attitude and beliefs towards EBP (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). The literature provides only a few barriers why nurses use EBP to a limited extent and does not clearly support the author’s opinions.
Purpose
The purpose of an article is usually listed in the introduction section; however this article does not have an introduction which made it difficult to determine exactly what the case study was about. Meanwhile, in the background section the purpose of the case study is clearly stated. The purpose is to investigate if there is a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2104).
Problem Statement The reason for the case study is explained in the background, results and conclusion section of the report. The researcher states the purpose of the report is to investigate whether nurses have a post connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation scale (r=0.59, p=0.001), indicating the stronger the beliefs a nurse have in EBP the higher the nurse will report implementations. This statement can be agreed upon, because if someone have passion about something they are going to discuss it with others, their passion could be their family, career, education or money.
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework is a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides the research (statisticssolutions.com).
Theoretical framework help to clarify the theory the author is trying to define. There are two factors that usually come into question when presenting theoretical framework in quantities review: The research problem and the rationale for conducting an investigation of the problem (statisticssolutions.com). The problem in this article is to determine if there is a positive connection between EBP beliefs and EBP implementation (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, and Nortredt 2014). The rationale for conducting the studies found that in previous studies nurses rarely incorporated research in their daily nursing practice and often uses the knowledge they have from …show more content…
experience.
Research Design Listed in the methods section of the article a descriptive comparative research design was used with a cross-sectional sampling between nurses at a Specialty Hospital for treatment of cancer patients. Descriptive research describes what exists and may help uncover new facts and meaning. The purpose of a descriptive research is to: observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation as it naturally happen (Polit and Hungler 1999). Once the data is collected it can provide a description of person and or situations. In this study the participants was given a questionnaire out of 356 nurses only 187 nurses returned the questionnaire. There were three tools used to obtain data in a descriptive study questionnaire, interviews and observation (Polit and Hungler 1999).
Sampling/Sampling Threats
The sampling section used in the case study was the simplest form of probability sampling (world health organization). The authors used simple random sampling on 356 nurses who worked at the hospital used of “Between September 20th through December 6th 2010 (cirt.gcu.edu). In quantitative research there are several questions that have to be addressed when sampling is involved: What study population should the sample come from? How many people should be involved in our sample? How will these people be selected (apps.who.int)? The sampling selection was carefully targeted and defined however; there was so many components use which could become confusing. The researchers used a Belief scale with subgroups, Implementation Scale, demographic data, background information, 5 Point Liker Scale and example statements. Geez! That is a lot to ask of a nurse especially if they have worked long hours and is already tired. This could be the reason why the researchers only received half the questionnaires in return. All nurses was asked to sign a written consent which was anonymous and on a voluntary basis after they were given an explanation about the study (Olsen, Espehaug, Stokke, Nortredt).
Data Collection The data collected was used using a cross sectional sampling method of nurses who worked at a Specialist Hospital for treatment of cancer patients (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). The data gathered consisted of two parts the Norwegian translation of the EBP Belief Scale and the EBP Implementation Scale (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). These scales have been used in the past testing for creditability and reliability amongst nurses. The researchers also, used probability data such as the nurse’s age, education, job title, seniority and participation in EBP work groups (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). All data collected were of sufficient quality and quantity to provide depth to the case study.
Data Analysis
The researched analysis of the data collected seems to be partially valid and somewhat unclear. The researchers used substitution for missing data on the EBP Scale and EBP Implementation Scale, for unanswered items less than 20 percent. The substitution method was recommendation from Polit and Beck the creators of the scales and IBM SPSS Software Version 18.0 for (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, Nortredt). Cronbach’s Alpha is a measure of internal consistently, that is how closely related a set of items are as a group Cronbach’s Alpha is considered to be a measure of scale reliability (stats.idre.ucla.edu) Other methods used in the study were: Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Cronbach Alpha Descriptive Data. With all these different methods used the level of significance was less than 0.05 (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt). It is really hard to determine how valid and reliable the collected data is because they used a method of substitution.
Discussion of Findings In the beginning a total of 356 Nurses was given the questionnaire between September and December. Only a total of 187 forms were returned with 185 accepted. There were two questionnaires’ thrown out because the participants answered less than 80 percent of the given questions (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, Nortredt). Over half the participants had BSN degrees, less than 40 percent were specialty nurses, 7.6 percent worked as charge nurses and 87 percent were full time employees.
Implication of Nursing Practice Nursing Implications are the related consequences of something; a disease, medication or procedure, not the medical side effects, but the things for the nurse to resolve (Olsen, Espegaug, Stokke, and Nortredt).
The nursing implication was not clear in the article and too much information was given to determine if implications of nursing practice was relevant. Nursing implication are the nurse responsibility and what they should be assessing for and this article did not provide much information on this topic which made it irrelevant.
Conclusion
The article was descriptive, informative, well organized, easy to read, but confusing. The authors did a good job in explaining the case study to the readers making it easy to interpret for the readers. The research question was answered why nurses believe in EBP but do not implement those practices into their daily work routine. It can be determined that the study leave a little skeptics and doubt, because the authors credentials and educations was not included in the article and the researchers used substitution methods in the
questionnaire.
References
Stokke, K, Olsen, N.R., Espehaug, B., & Nortvedt, M. W. Evidence based practice beliefs and implementation among nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 13(8), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-13-8
Statisticsolutions.com
Health.herts.ac.uk
Cirt.guc.edu
Apps.who.int
Allnurses.com