Dbq 25 Massachusetts Bay Colony Analysis
BIG 25 CHRISITNA REBH
1. Assess the democratic characteristics in the English Colonies in the context of Massachusetts and Virginia
Plymouth: Plymouth was a colony settled by Pilgrims who were religious separatists. They migrated to America to maintain their English identity. Since they didn't have a royal charter, they created the Mayflower Compact. It was essentially the first American constitution. The Puritans created a political structure that highlighted their self-governing and religious attitudes. They were religiously tolerant, and they became a vibrant and healthy community. Over time, their colony grew, so they created a legal code, which formed a representative self-government, political rights, and religious freedom. This created a stable democratic political foundation for the colony.
Massachusetts: The settlers of the Massachusetts Bay colony, led by John Winthrop, were Puritans seeking a religious haven for the prosecuted Puritans in England. They were originally a joint-stock company, but they created a representative political system that included a governor, council, and assembly. Although they were generally democratic, they did not tolerate other religions in their colony.
2. …show more content…
3. To what extent did mercantilism affect the political and economic development of England's 13 American colonies?
The British colonies had to put their own needs aside to focus on providing for their mother country, England. They were ordered only to trade goods with the mother country. Unfortunately, this didn't work out for the colonies because they gave lots, but received very little of what they needed to prosper from England. The limitations on trading only with England resulted in a limitation of supplies, which inhibited the colonies opportunity for economic development. The government of the mother country controlled the industry in the colonies and it made it difficult for the colonies to become self-sufficient and prosper economically and politically, since they really had no control of their future.
4. 1660 - Navigation Acts - These acts forced American colonists to trade goods solely with British ships through British ports, and it only allowed for the colonists to trade certain goods. Their purpose was for England to make more profit off of the colonists and maintain economic dominance over the colonists. Overall it was quite harmful to the colonies.
Dominion of New England (1686) - New England colonies of NY & NJ combine into the dominion as a result of revoked charters. This created unjust regulations of religion and commerce on the dominion.
Molasses Act (1733) - This was a large tariff that was set on French molasses with the intent on making it too expensive to buy and raising British sales.
Royal Proclamation (1763) - this prohibited colonists from migrating west of the Appalachian Mountains, which enraged the people since they longed for expansion.
Currency Act (1764) - this prohibited the colonists from creating new land banks, as well as the use of paper currency to settle debts. This was an issue with the colonists because it was affecting their trade abilities, and made settling debts all that more difficult.
Sugar Act (1764) - This was equivalent to the Molasses act (which was ineffective). It had negative impacts on the colonists economically since they had to buy sugar from the British.
Quartering Act (1765) - this forced the colonists to allow British troops into their homes and provide for them. This was an invasion of privacy and an invasion of their rights.
Tea Act (1773) - Encouraged colonists to buy British tea since it was cheaper with this new tax on other teas. Smuggling from the Dutch was no longer the better option, and this angered the colonists since they did not want to submit to the British
Intolerable Acts (1774) - A combination of the most oppressive acts that were put in place in response to rebellions such as the Boston Tea Party. The purpose was to squash rebellion and put the colonies in order, but really they just ended up angering them more.
Declaratory Act (1776) - this act reinstated Parliament as the main power holder in the colonies. This was another attempt to maintain complete control over the colonies and the people living there.
Townshend Acts - the goal was to raise profit so that officials could be paid, and put a president in power that Parliament could milk for money with taxes. The colonists hated it.
5.
Document A talks about what would be done in the theoretical situation of an invasion and what measures should be taken for defense. This represents the territorial debates that the colonies faced and concerns about security. Document B sort of highlights pre-democratic American ways where important leaders are given their positions and aren't elected by the public, which, obviously, will change later on. However, this was a problem in pre-democratic America. The absence of a central government besides small local governments is noted in both of the documents as well. Document C touches on the reasons in which some didn't want a government like that because resistance against taxes and such. This was one of the central arguments against the Albany
Plan.
6.
| New England colonies | Southern Colonies | Economy | economy mainly reliant on industry and trade | economy mainly reliant on agriculture (cotton, tobacco, etc) and slave labor | Culture | the north was strong on religion and strict interpretation of the laws | relied a lot on slaves and society focused on agriculture and farming |
7. a) The Great Awakening was a widespread religious revival that helped the idea that all men are created equal come about. The idea that we are all children of God and that everybody can love and worship the lord was appealing. This brought something to the table of democracy because equality is one of the foundations for democracy
b) Immigration contributed to the democratization of the American colonies for reasons similar to those of the Great Awakening. The freedom that the colonies offered immigrants was appealing, and more equality, like previously stated, is a fundamental quality of a democratic nation. For example, the Puritans sought religious freedom and fled their oppressive countries for freedom and opportunity.
c) The Zenger case contributed to American colonies' democratization because it highlighted the importance of free press and trial by jury. Freedom to speak out is an important aspect of a successful democratic system.
8. The primary force guiding men is religion. Document A says that the government shouldn't be messed with because it is sacred. This is meant to be justification for the king's overwhelming amount of power. Locke would refute the statement that religion was the primary rationale for the authority of the king because he believed that all men should have the freedom of choice. He thought that a successful government should consist of men that chose to be involved with it, not men who were forced to be a part of the government.
9. As a result of the French and Indian war, the colonists were proud and confident that they could defend themselves and stand against threats independently. On the flipside, the British were unimpressed with how the colonists performed, and they regarded their military as unorganized and sloppy. Funny enough, the colonists felt sort of the same way about the British because they believed that their tactics were unsuited and inappropriate for the sort of land they were fighting on. .
10. Boston Tea Party - This event was a result of disgruntled colonists protesting against British taxes. The widespread idea was that the colonists did not want "taxation without representation". Colonists took to the Boston harbor in December of 1773 and threw British tea overboard into the water because of British officials' refusal to send the expensively taxed tea back to England.
Colonial Boycotts - As more and more unjust taxes were imposed in the colonies, the colonists took to the streets and boycotted the excessive taxes. The taxes (stamp act, quartering act, sugar act, tea taxes) were imposed on the colonists without any say from the people, so to make their voices heard, they boycotted and rioted in an attempt to have their say in important decisions such as these.
11. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that focused on individualism and reason and the rejection of tradition and norms. It encouraged new thought and ideas, and it presented the opportunity for new discoveries and a chance to explore new things. The push for equality also developed, and the idea of slavery came into serious question. Since it encouraged individual thought through reason, reliance on the church for guidance waned. Separation of church and state was viewed as a positive step forward, and the colonists rejected the dominance of America by the British Anglican churches. The colonists pushed for the removal of the church in their politics, which was a result of Enlightenment thought.
12. I think that the American Revolution can be classified as a civil war because the colonists, who were almost entirely from England, rebelled against their mother country who controlled them. Since a civil war is defined as a war between citizens of the same country, you can classify the American Revolution as a civil war. Even though it wasn't in the mother country of England, it occurred on English territory between English settlers and English controllers.
13. The government run under the Articles of Confederation worked towards the creation of a functional and well-run congress and it promoted Westward Expansion and the creation of a strong, independent nation. The voice of the states could be heard more successfully, and the creation of congress resulted in stronger communication and universal understanding of political issues. Decisions could be made as a whole, and the nation grew under the Articles of Confederation.
14.
15.
Document A - Richard Bland (HoB member) rejects the notion of the federated British Empire, and he recognized that England and the colonists had totally different standpoints on sovereignty. He suggested that even before the Navigation Acts took place, the colonists had government in the colonies, and they should be "respected as a distinct state".
Document B - In a reaction to the Intolerable Acts of 1774, the speaker discusses the actions of popular American politicians and leaders and their eventual separation of King and Parliamentary power in the colonies and foreign policy. The colonies were new and inexperienced, and as a result, the separation was more difficult to create.
Document C - This document points out the Tory members of Parliament and their belief that Parliament should have "ultimate legislative power". This was of some concern to the colonists because they stood on the complete other side of the spectrum on this issue.
Document D - This document talks about King George III and his views on the relationship between his country and the colonies. After the Lexington and Concord violence, the attitude towards compromise with the colonies changed, and they were cautious when entering into dealings with the colonists. Whereas the colonists were eager for development and improvement, the British were cautious and unhelpful to the colonists in their pleas for support and compromise.
16. In the United States, in the late 1700s and the early 1800s, the country was divided between antifederalists and federalists. The anitfederalists opposed the constitution and did not want the state governments to lose power to the federal government. The federalists, on the other hand, supported a federal union. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay Madison wrote the federalist papers. The purpose was to gain support for their ideas for ratifying the constitution. The papers were significant, yes, but they weren't widely read outside of New York. However, the papers would later be recognized as a notable "statement of republican political doctrine" (Henretta 198). The papers weren't majorly influential in the ratification of the constitution, but both parties and their leaders made their views undeniably clear.
17. a) Genet Controversy - Washington asked that the French minister of the United States to be removed because he "broke all rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people to support the French cause" (AMSCO), and this, of course, was against the wishes of George Washington who wanted to remain neutral. Even Jefferson agreed with Washington because Genet's actions were so outrageous and inappropriate.
b) The Jay Treaty was unpopular with the French supporters, but overall; it kept the United Statues neutral, which was Washington's overall goal.
c) Washington did not believe that France was strong enough to be a part of a European war, so he issued a proclamation of U.S. neutrality. Thomas Jefferson wasn't in agreement, so he resigned from the cabinet.
d) John Adams was faced with a difficult decision. American ships were being seized, and the French requested bribes as the only way to start negotiating a settlement. The citizens of America wanted to go to war, but Adams recognized that the country did not have a strong enough army or navy to fight such a large European power, and he avoided war all together.
18. Alexander Hamilton believed that the government could derive two types of power from the contents of the constitution. There were the explicit powers that the constitution clearly stated, and then, he believed, the government also had implied power. This meant that the government had the power to act in means that aided their efforts in running a successful country, even if that meant doing something that wasn't explicitly stated was a governmental power in the constitution. Thomas Jefferson thought this was a massive problem because acting on implied powers means that the government is in control of how much power they have. Their degree of power depends on the government’s own discretion. He believed in state rights, and letting the government decide how much power they want at any given time takes power away from the states. He believed that the constitution gave the government specific purposes and definite power, and that implied power was not something that the government could assume.
19. The statement "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" represented Jefferson's wish for a smooth transition from Federalist power to Republican power, and cooperation from both parties. This statement stressed the widely accepted principle of the constitutional government. Jefferson's policy of peace and cooperation resulted in improvements in the nation such as territorial expansion, successful wartime, increased nationalism, and peaceful political change. The statement means that we are all Americans, no matter what party we come from, and we need to work together to improve the nation.
20. a) Andrew Jackson was not sympathetic to the Native Americans, and he heeded to the citizens eager to take more Native American land. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forced thousands of Native Americans to pick up their lives and resettle west of the Mississippi. Most Indians reluctantly complied and headed further west to create room for more settlers and further western expansion.
b) Louis and Clark expedition - The Louis and Clark expedition was quite beneficial to the country. Louisiana had just been purchased, and scientific exploration of this new, unexplored region was exciting. Their expedition improved relations with Native Americans in this region, and from their findings, they were able to help the development of new maps and routes for future American western settlers. c) American settlers had been gradually moving westward, and that meant that the Native Americans were being pushed farther and farther west as more settlers came. Tecumseh, the brother of Shawnee, tried to unite the tribes who were east of the Mississippi River so that they could protect their land and defend against settler's who wanted to push then further back.
d) However, his efforts were futile since General William Henry Harrison put an end to Tecumseh's attempts. Harrison was the governor of the Indiana Territory, and he was called upon to take action against Tecumseh when settlers started to become suspicious and worried about how he would affect westward expansion. The Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 was when Harrison put Tecumseh and his efforts to rest.
21) Document A talks about how England was attempting to regulate the trade of the United States and impressing U.S. seamen, and how the Native American's hostility towards the U.S. were being fueled by foreign powers. The speaker in the document says that war is better than submitting to the British, and that going to war with Britain is necessary to stop the injustice and put an end to the issues.
Document B suggests that "agrarian cupidity" is the real reason that the war hawks' want to go to war, not to protect maritime rights. They have their sights set on Canada and want to expand and gain, and they use maritime defense as an excuse when really they're fueling their greedy desires.
Document C, like Doc. A, suggests that war is necessary in order to stop the British from harassing Americans in their commerce and trade, and that they not only harass us at sea, but also in our homeland.
Document D suggests that America going to war is a bad idea because it would do nothing to benefit the country. It suggests that the United States is not adequately prepared to plunge itself into a full-fledged war with a strong foreign power and that the country would suffer terrible consequences if they were to do so.
22) The youth of America were interested in westward expansion, and were uninterested in foreign affairs in Europe and European politics. A massive sense of nationalism spread throughout the nation. The Monroe Doctrine declared the United States off limits for any further foreign colonization and that any advance would be considered a national security threat. It also declared that the U.S. would stay out of European affairs. This created peaceful foreign relations and fueled American nationalism since it made the country fee as though they were truly independent and strong enough to stand-alone.
23. Commercial Farming - Farming became a way for people to make money as opposed to what it previously was, a way to provide food and sustain a family. The farming system shifted from a purely agricultural business to an industrial business with the help of improved transportation, which opened up markets and made them more accessible. With the increase of demand for goods, technology improved to make farming faster and more efficient.
Factory System - The factory system was a way to mass-produce products in a short amount of time. This was the favorable option over individuals’ hand producing products one at a time, which was tedious, slow, and inefficient work. The growth of factories meant that products could be made quicker, for less money, and for greater profit, and this meant that businesses grew.
Labor - With industry taking over the agricultural field, changes had to be made in terms of labor distribution. People were needed to monitor machines and they were needed in the factories, so those who once worked on farms, or those who were previously skilled artisans/workers picked up and headed for the factory buildings. This was necessary for the industry to continue growing.
Transportation - The development of a more complex and complete system of roadways paved the way (HAHAHA) for new connections between far away places and allowed for even further economic development. Railroads also played a large role in connection people around the country, and people and products could make their previously tedious and long journey in a quick and fashionable manner. Canals, especially the eerie canal, linked people and also allowed for economic growth since goods could be transported more efficiently. Everything and everywhere was easier to get to, and that resulted in economic development around the nation.
24. The Southern colonies relied on agriculture to sustain their economy. This is because they had ample, rich, and fertile soil that was prefect for farms. Farmers used slave labor to sustain and run their farms because it was efficient, cheap, and easy to come by. There was a definite hierarchy in the south (explained in number 25), and unlike the north, there wasn't much opportunity for people to change their status. The north had an economy based mainly on infrastructure. | South | North | Culture | Slavery was a large part of Southern culture, class hierarchy, woman didn't have as many opportunities | no class system, more people lived in the north, immigrants made up large number of workers, | Economic | Made their money from agriculture and slave labor, bought goods from the north | had lots of trading ports and industrial cities, bought goods from the south, overall, they supported tariffs |
25.
1. Assess the democratic characteristics in the English Colonies in the context of Massachusetts and Virginia
Plymouth: Plymouth was a colony settled by Pilgrims who were religious separatists. They migrated to America to maintain their English identity. Since they didn't have a royal charter, they created the Mayflower Compact. It was essentially the first American constitution. The Puritans created a political structure that highlighted their self-governing and religious attitudes. They were religiously tolerant, and they became a vibrant and healthy community. Over time, their colony grew, so they created a legal code, which formed a representative self-government, political rights, and religious freedom. This created a stable democratic political foundation for the colony.
Massachusetts: The settlers of the Massachusetts Bay colony, led by John Winthrop, were Puritans seeking a religious haven for the prosecuted Puritans in England. They were originally a joint-stock company, but they created a representative political system that included a governor, council, and assembly. Although they were generally democratic, they did not tolerate other religions in their colony.
2. …show more content…
3. To what extent did mercantilism affect the political and economic development of England's 13 American colonies?
The British colonies had to put their own needs aside to focus on providing for their mother country, England. They were ordered only to trade goods with the mother country. Unfortunately, this didn't work out for the colonies because they gave lots, but received very little of what they needed to prosper from England. The limitations on trading only with England resulted in a limitation of supplies, which inhibited the colonies opportunity for economic development. The government of the mother country controlled the industry in the colonies and it made it difficult for the colonies to become self-sufficient and prosper economically and politically, since they really had no control of their future.
4. 1660 - Navigation Acts - These acts forced American colonists to trade goods solely with British ships through British ports, and it only allowed for the colonists to trade certain goods. Their purpose was for England to make more profit off of the colonists and maintain economic dominance over the colonists. Overall it was quite harmful to the colonies.
Dominion of New England (1686) - New England colonies of NY & NJ combine into the dominion as a result of revoked charters. This created unjust regulations of religion and commerce on the dominion.
Molasses Act (1733) - This was a large tariff that was set on French molasses with the intent on making it too expensive to buy and raising British sales.
Royal Proclamation (1763) - this prohibited colonists from migrating west of the Appalachian Mountains, which enraged the people since they longed for expansion.
Currency Act (1764) - this prohibited the colonists from creating new land banks, as well as the use of paper currency to settle debts. This was an issue with the colonists because it was affecting their trade abilities, and made settling debts all that more difficult.
Sugar Act (1764) - This was equivalent to the Molasses act (which was ineffective). It had negative impacts on the colonists economically since they had to buy sugar from the British.
Quartering Act (1765) - this forced the colonists to allow British troops into their homes and provide for them. This was an invasion of privacy and an invasion of their rights.
Tea Act (1773) - Encouraged colonists to buy British tea since it was cheaper with this new tax on other teas. Smuggling from the Dutch was no longer the better option, and this angered the colonists since they did not want to submit to the British
Intolerable Acts (1774) - A combination of the most oppressive acts that were put in place in response to rebellions such as the Boston Tea Party. The purpose was to squash rebellion and put the colonies in order, but really they just ended up angering them more.
Declaratory Act (1776) - this act reinstated Parliament as the main power holder in the colonies. This was another attempt to maintain complete control over the colonies and the people living there.
Townshend Acts - the goal was to raise profit so that officials could be paid, and put a president in power that Parliament could milk for money with taxes. The colonists hated it.
5.
Document A talks about what would be done in the theoretical situation of an invasion and what measures should be taken for defense. This represents the territorial debates that the colonies faced and concerns about security. Document B sort of highlights pre-democratic American ways where important leaders are given their positions and aren't elected by the public, which, obviously, will change later on. However, this was a problem in pre-democratic America. The absence of a central government besides small local governments is noted in both of the documents as well. Document C touches on the reasons in which some didn't want a government like that because resistance against taxes and such. This was one of the central arguments against the Albany
Plan.
6.
| New England colonies | Southern Colonies | Economy | economy mainly reliant on industry and trade | economy mainly reliant on agriculture (cotton, tobacco, etc) and slave labor | Culture | the north was strong on religion and strict interpretation of the laws | relied a lot on slaves and society focused on agriculture and farming |
7. a) The Great Awakening was a widespread religious revival that helped the idea that all men are created equal come about. The idea that we are all children of God and that everybody can love and worship the lord was appealing. This brought something to the table of democracy because equality is one of the foundations for democracy
b) Immigration contributed to the democratization of the American colonies for reasons similar to those of the Great Awakening. The freedom that the colonies offered immigrants was appealing, and more equality, like previously stated, is a fundamental quality of a democratic nation. For example, the Puritans sought religious freedom and fled their oppressive countries for freedom and opportunity.
c) The Zenger case contributed to American colonies' democratization because it highlighted the importance of free press and trial by jury. Freedom to speak out is an important aspect of a successful democratic system.
8. The primary force guiding men is religion. Document A says that the government shouldn't be messed with because it is sacred. This is meant to be justification for the king's overwhelming amount of power. Locke would refute the statement that religion was the primary rationale for the authority of the king because he believed that all men should have the freedom of choice. He thought that a successful government should consist of men that chose to be involved with it, not men who were forced to be a part of the government.
9. As a result of the French and Indian war, the colonists were proud and confident that they could defend themselves and stand against threats independently. On the flipside, the British were unimpressed with how the colonists performed, and they regarded their military as unorganized and sloppy. Funny enough, the colonists felt sort of the same way about the British because they believed that their tactics were unsuited and inappropriate for the sort of land they were fighting on. .
10. Boston Tea Party - This event was a result of disgruntled colonists protesting against British taxes. The widespread idea was that the colonists did not want "taxation without representation". Colonists took to the Boston harbor in December of 1773 and threw British tea overboard into the water because of British officials' refusal to send the expensively taxed tea back to England.
Colonial Boycotts - As more and more unjust taxes were imposed in the colonies, the colonists took to the streets and boycotted the excessive taxes. The taxes (stamp act, quartering act, sugar act, tea taxes) were imposed on the colonists without any say from the people, so to make their voices heard, they boycotted and rioted in an attempt to have their say in important decisions such as these.
11. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that focused on individualism and reason and the rejection of tradition and norms. It encouraged new thought and ideas, and it presented the opportunity for new discoveries and a chance to explore new things. The push for equality also developed, and the idea of slavery came into serious question. Since it encouraged individual thought through reason, reliance on the church for guidance waned. Separation of church and state was viewed as a positive step forward, and the colonists rejected the dominance of America by the British Anglican churches. The colonists pushed for the removal of the church in their politics, which was a result of Enlightenment thought.
12. I think that the American Revolution can be classified as a civil war because the colonists, who were almost entirely from England, rebelled against their mother country who controlled them. Since a civil war is defined as a war between citizens of the same country, you can classify the American Revolution as a civil war. Even though it wasn't in the mother country of England, it occurred on English territory between English settlers and English controllers.
13. The government run under the Articles of Confederation worked towards the creation of a functional and well-run congress and it promoted Westward Expansion and the creation of a strong, independent nation. The voice of the states could be heard more successfully, and the creation of congress resulted in stronger communication and universal understanding of political issues. Decisions could be made as a whole, and the nation grew under the Articles of Confederation.
14.
15.
Document A - Richard Bland (HoB member) rejects the notion of the federated British Empire, and he recognized that England and the colonists had totally different standpoints on sovereignty. He suggested that even before the Navigation Acts took place, the colonists had government in the colonies, and they should be "respected as a distinct state".
Document B - In a reaction to the Intolerable Acts of 1774, the speaker discusses the actions of popular American politicians and leaders and their eventual separation of King and Parliamentary power in the colonies and foreign policy. The colonies were new and inexperienced, and as a result, the separation was more difficult to create.
Document C - This document points out the Tory members of Parliament and their belief that Parliament should have "ultimate legislative power". This was of some concern to the colonists because they stood on the complete other side of the spectrum on this issue.
Document D - This document talks about King George III and his views on the relationship between his country and the colonies. After the Lexington and Concord violence, the attitude towards compromise with the colonies changed, and they were cautious when entering into dealings with the colonists. Whereas the colonists were eager for development and improvement, the British were cautious and unhelpful to the colonists in their pleas for support and compromise.
16. In the United States, in the late 1700s and the early 1800s, the country was divided between antifederalists and federalists. The anitfederalists opposed the constitution and did not want the state governments to lose power to the federal government. The federalists, on the other hand, supported a federal union. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay Madison wrote the federalist papers. The purpose was to gain support for their ideas for ratifying the constitution. The papers were significant, yes, but they weren't widely read outside of New York. However, the papers would later be recognized as a notable "statement of republican political doctrine" (Henretta 198). The papers weren't majorly influential in the ratification of the constitution, but both parties and their leaders made their views undeniably clear.
17. a) Genet Controversy - Washington asked that the French minister of the United States to be removed because he "broke all rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people to support the French cause" (AMSCO), and this, of course, was against the wishes of George Washington who wanted to remain neutral. Even Jefferson agreed with Washington because Genet's actions were so outrageous and inappropriate.
b) The Jay Treaty was unpopular with the French supporters, but overall; it kept the United Statues neutral, which was Washington's overall goal.
c) Washington did not believe that France was strong enough to be a part of a European war, so he issued a proclamation of U.S. neutrality. Thomas Jefferson wasn't in agreement, so he resigned from the cabinet.
d) John Adams was faced with a difficult decision. American ships were being seized, and the French requested bribes as the only way to start negotiating a settlement. The citizens of America wanted to go to war, but Adams recognized that the country did not have a strong enough army or navy to fight such a large European power, and he avoided war all together.
18. Alexander Hamilton believed that the government could derive two types of power from the contents of the constitution. There were the explicit powers that the constitution clearly stated, and then, he believed, the government also had implied power. This meant that the government had the power to act in means that aided their efforts in running a successful country, even if that meant doing something that wasn't explicitly stated was a governmental power in the constitution. Thomas Jefferson thought this was a massive problem because acting on implied powers means that the government is in control of how much power they have. Their degree of power depends on the government’s own discretion. He believed in state rights, and letting the government decide how much power they want at any given time takes power away from the states. He believed that the constitution gave the government specific purposes and definite power, and that implied power was not something that the government could assume.
19. The statement "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" represented Jefferson's wish for a smooth transition from Federalist power to Republican power, and cooperation from both parties. This statement stressed the widely accepted principle of the constitutional government. Jefferson's policy of peace and cooperation resulted in improvements in the nation such as territorial expansion, successful wartime, increased nationalism, and peaceful political change. The statement means that we are all Americans, no matter what party we come from, and we need to work together to improve the nation.
20. a) Andrew Jackson was not sympathetic to the Native Americans, and he heeded to the citizens eager to take more Native American land. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forced thousands of Native Americans to pick up their lives and resettle west of the Mississippi. Most Indians reluctantly complied and headed further west to create room for more settlers and further western expansion.
b) Louis and Clark expedition - The Louis and Clark expedition was quite beneficial to the country. Louisiana had just been purchased, and scientific exploration of this new, unexplored region was exciting. Their expedition improved relations with Native Americans in this region, and from their findings, they were able to help the development of new maps and routes for future American western settlers. c) American settlers had been gradually moving westward, and that meant that the Native Americans were being pushed farther and farther west as more settlers came. Tecumseh, the brother of Shawnee, tried to unite the tribes who were east of the Mississippi River so that they could protect their land and defend against settler's who wanted to push then further back.
d) However, his efforts were futile since General William Henry Harrison put an end to Tecumseh's attempts. Harrison was the governor of the Indiana Territory, and he was called upon to take action against Tecumseh when settlers started to become suspicious and worried about how he would affect westward expansion. The Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 was when Harrison put Tecumseh and his efforts to rest.
21) Document A talks about how England was attempting to regulate the trade of the United States and impressing U.S. seamen, and how the Native American's hostility towards the U.S. were being fueled by foreign powers. The speaker in the document says that war is better than submitting to the British, and that going to war with Britain is necessary to stop the injustice and put an end to the issues.
Document B suggests that "agrarian cupidity" is the real reason that the war hawks' want to go to war, not to protect maritime rights. They have their sights set on Canada and want to expand and gain, and they use maritime defense as an excuse when really they're fueling their greedy desires.
Document C, like Doc. A, suggests that war is necessary in order to stop the British from harassing Americans in their commerce and trade, and that they not only harass us at sea, but also in our homeland.
Document D suggests that America going to war is a bad idea because it would do nothing to benefit the country. It suggests that the United States is not adequately prepared to plunge itself into a full-fledged war with a strong foreign power and that the country would suffer terrible consequences if they were to do so.
22) The youth of America were interested in westward expansion, and were uninterested in foreign affairs in Europe and European politics. A massive sense of nationalism spread throughout the nation. The Monroe Doctrine declared the United States off limits for any further foreign colonization and that any advance would be considered a national security threat. It also declared that the U.S. would stay out of European affairs. This created peaceful foreign relations and fueled American nationalism since it made the country fee as though they were truly independent and strong enough to stand-alone.
23. Commercial Farming - Farming became a way for people to make money as opposed to what it previously was, a way to provide food and sustain a family. The farming system shifted from a purely agricultural business to an industrial business with the help of improved transportation, which opened up markets and made them more accessible. With the increase of demand for goods, technology improved to make farming faster and more efficient.
Factory System - The factory system was a way to mass-produce products in a short amount of time. This was the favorable option over individuals’ hand producing products one at a time, which was tedious, slow, and inefficient work. The growth of factories meant that products could be made quicker, for less money, and for greater profit, and this meant that businesses grew.
Labor - With industry taking over the agricultural field, changes had to be made in terms of labor distribution. People were needed to monitor machines and they were needed in the factories, so those who once worked on farms, or those who were previously skilled artisans/workers picked up and headed for the factory buildings. This was necessary for the industry to continue growing.
Transportation - The development of a more complex and complete system of roadways paved the way (HAHAHA) for new connections between far away places and allowed for even further economic development. Railroads also played a large role in connection people around the country, and people and products could make their previously tedious and long journey in a quick and fashionable manner. Canals, especially the eerie canal, linked people and also allowed for economic growth since goods could be transported more efficiently. Everything and everywhere was easier to get to, and that resulted in economic development around the nation.
24. The Southern colonies relied on agriculture to sustain their economy. This is because they had ample, rich, and fertile soil that was prefect for farms. Farmers used slave labor to sustain and run their farms because it was efficient, cheap, and easy to come by. There was a definite hierarchy in the south (explained in number 25), and unlike the north, there wasn't much opportunity for people to change their status. The north had an economy based mainly on infrastructure. | South | North | Culture | Slavery was a large part of Southern culture, class hierarchy, woman didn't have as many opportunities | no class system, more people lived in the north, immigrants made up large number of workers, | Economic | Made their money from agriculture and slave labor, bought goods from the north | had lots of trading ports and industrial cities, bought goods from the south, overall, they supported tariffs |
25.