Descartes Meditation

The Latin "Cogito, ergo sum" [I think, therefore I am]
The first piece of Descartes Meditation, Descartes attempts to review the beliefs he has been taught in order to establish truth in science. He forms a sceptical belief or hypotheses about everything in the physical world. As a result he suspends his judgement on his previously held beliefs. In the second Meditation, Descartes expands theory on the ‘nature of human mind', Descartes questions his identity, the eternal ‘I', and introduces a theory of representationalism, and lays down the thought that ‘one's consciousness implies one's existence'.

Descartes, in his third part of Descartes Meditation, discusses that there are three main categories of thoughts such as

* volitions
But this petit bourgeois former soldier from La Haye in central France determined to round-off his career in the sciences by presenting to the world his thoughts on how it is, and why, we construct truth.
These Meditations begin by attempting to doubt everything, and to build up from that to those few things which we can know with certainty. The result is an idea of the human as essentially spiritual, but temporarily connected to a material body, which knows that its perceptions are valid because God is no deceiver. And how do we know about God? Because we couldn't have even the concept of so perfect a being unless God had put it into us, like the mark of the craftsman on his work.
But isn't this no more than saying that "I know what I know", and justifying this by saying "one of the things I know is a benevolent God" in a pointlessly circular process of introspection? Possibly so, but the Meditations may still be seen as a foundation of modern philosophy inasmuch as it, as with all the best philosophy, properly asks the right questions for its time, questions which we are only now discovering how to
This knowledge doesn't make things exist, but my knowledge of God makes me certain that they are something.
VI: I imagine that I have a body and that my knowledge comes from my senses. Using several senses together I can determine what is true. But we don't always have time for this, so we often make mistakes.
The fame and significance of the Meditations has led us to take more than usual care in selecting source material. This squashed version is substantially based on the English translation by John Veitch of 1901 and the French of Duc de Luynes of 1647. Reference has also been made to the original Latin version of 1641, for which we are indebted to the Latin scholar Susan Hallam.

Put together the French "ne... pas" negative form, Descartes' extraordinary fondness for multiple negatives and the desire of many translators to render his words exactly into English and you commonly get a text which is constructed of double, treble and at least one octuple negative. This does not make for easy reading. It has been an extraordinarily complex task to clean-up M.Descartes words, to correct his appalling syntax and remove his fondness for repitition and so squash the Meditations to about 1/8th its original