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Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion

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Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion
Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2006, Vol. 5, No. 4, 512–523.

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Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion
DAVID DUNNE ROGER MARTIN Joseph L. Rotman School of Management Roger Martin, dean of the Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, is interviewed on the subject of “design thinking”—approaching managerial problems as designers approach design problems—and its potential impact on management education. Under a design-thinking paradigm, students would be encouraged to think broadly about problems, develop a deep understanding of users, and recognize the value in the contributions of others. In Martin’s view, the concept of design thinking can potentially address many of the criticisms currently being leveled at MBA programs. The interview is followed by a discussion and critique of the themes Martin raises.

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INTRODUCTION The design of products and services is a critical component of business competitiveness, to the extent that major companies such as Procter and Gamble have committed themselves to becoming design leaders. Beyond product and service design, however, design thinking—approaching management problems as designers approach design problems—may have important implications for management, an emerging prospect that has begun to gain recognition in both academic literature and the business press. In The Sciences of the Artificial (1996), Herbert Simon calls for the establishment of a rigorous body of knowledge about the design process as a means of approaching managerial problems. In Managing as Designing (Boland & Collopy, 2004), several authors from



References: Argyris, C., & Schon, D. 1978. Organizational learning: A theory ¨ of action perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Bennis, W., & O’Toole, J. 2005. How business schools lost their way. Harvard Business Review, May. Boland, R. J., & F. Collopy, Eds. 2004. Managing as designing. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Boyer, E. J. 1990. Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professorate. Princeton, New York: Jossey-Bass. Breen, B. 2004. Masters of design. Fast Company, June. 2006 Dunne and Martin 523 Buchanan, R. 1992. Wicked problems in design thinking. Design Issues, 8(2): Spring, 5–21. Churchman, C. W. 1967. Wicked problems. Management Science, 4(14) December, 141–142. Cooperrider, D. L., & Whitney, D. 1999. Collaborating for change: Appreciative inquiry. In P. Holman, & T. Devane, Eds.), Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Gangemi, J. 2005. Harvard: No more grade secrets. Business Week Online, http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/ content/dec2005/bs20051216_4604.htm?campaign_id search. Accessed April 30 2006. Gerdes, L. 2005. An MBA with a thematic approach, Business Week Online, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/ content/05_36/b3949099_mz056.htm, accessed May 5, 2006. Ghoshal, S. 2005. Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(1): 75–91. Hinings, C. R., & Greenwood, R. 2002. Disconnects and consequences in organization theory? Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 411– 421. Hoffman, M. 1995. Is there a logic of abduction? http://www.unibielefeld.de/idm/personen/mhoffman/papers/abduction-logic. html, accessed April 5, 2006. Kelley, T. 2001. The art of innovation. New York: Currency/ Doubleday. Leonard, D., & Straus, S. 1997. Putting your company’s whole brain to work. Harvard Business Review, July-August. Leonard, D., & Rayport, J. F. 1997. Spark innovation through empathic design. Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec. Lester, R. K., Piore, M. J., & Malek, K. M. 1998. Interpretive management: What general managers can learn from design. Harvard Business Review, March-April. Martin, R. 2002. Integrative thinking: A model takes shape. Rotman Management, Fall. Martin, R. 2004. The design of business. Rotman Management, Winter. David Dunne is adjunct professor of marketing and co-director of the Rotman Teaching Effectiveness Centre at the Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto. His research interests include branding, design, and management education. He is a recipient of the 3M Fellowship, Canada’s national award for university teaching across disciplines. Martin, R. 2005a. Embedding design into business. Rotman Management, Fall. Martin, R. 2005b. Why decisions need design, Part 1. Business Week, August 30. Mintzberg, H. 2004. Managers not MBA’s: A hard look at the soft practice of management development. Berrett-Koehler. Norman, D. A. 2002. The design of everyday things. New York: Basic Books. Nussbaum, B. 2005a. Get creative! BusinessWeek, August 1. Nussbaum, B. 2005b. Getting schooled in innovation. BusinessWeek, January 3. Peirce, C. S. P. 1903. Pragmatism as a principle and method of right thinking. In P. A. Turrisi, Ed., The 1903 Harvard Lectures on Pragmatism. Albany, NY, 1997: State University of New York Press. Pfeffer, J. 2006. The business school ’business’: Problems and prospects.. Presentation, Future of the MBA Conference, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, March. Pfeffer, J., & Fong, C. 2004. The business school ’business’: Some lessons from the US experience. Journal of Management Studies, 41(8): 1501–1520. Senge, P. 1994. The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Currency/Doubleday. Simon, H. A. 1996. The sciences of the artificial, 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Starkey, K., Hatchuel, A., & Tempest, S. 2004. Rethinking the business school. Journal of Management Studies, 41(8): 1521–1531. Vaill, P. 1989. Managing as a performing art: New ideas for a world of chaotic change. San Francisco: Josey-Bass. Vandenbosch, B., & Gallagher, K. 2004. The role of constraints. In R. J. Boland & F. Collopy, Eds., Managing as designing: 198 –207. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Roger Martin

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