Desistance
Criminology & Criminal Justice
© 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi) and the British Society of Criminology. www.sagepublications.com ISSN 1748–8958; Vol: 6(1): 39–62 DOI: 10.1177/1748895806060666
A desistance paradigm for offender management
FERGUS McNEILL
Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, UK
Abstract
In an influential article published in the British Journal of Social Work in 1979, Anthony Bottoms and Bill McWilliams proposed the adoption of a ‘non-treatment paradigm’ for probation practice. Their argument rested on a careful and considered analysis not only of empirical evidence about the ineffectiveness of rehabilitative treatment but also of theoretical, moral and philosophical questions about such interventions. By 1994, emerging evidence about the potential effectiveness of some intervention programmes was sufficient to lead Peter Raynor and Maurice Vanstone to suggest significant revisions to the ‘non-treatment paradigm’. In this article, it is argued that a different but equally relevant form of empirical evidence—that derived from desistance studies—suggests a need to re-evaluate these earlier paradigms for probation practice. This reevaluation is also required by the way that such studies enable us to understand and theorize both desistance itself and the role that penal professionals might play in supporting it. Ultimately, these empirical and theoretical insights drive us back to the complex interfaces between technical and moral questions that preoccupied Bottoms and McWilliams and that should feature more prominently in contemporary debates about the futures of ‘offender management’ and of our penal systems.
Key Words desistance • effectiveness • ethics • offender management • nontreatment paradigm • probation
39
40
Criminology & Criminal Justice 6(1)
Introduction
Critical analysts of the history of ideas in the probation service have charted the various reconstructions of probation practice
© 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi) and the British Society of Criminology. www.sagepublications.com ISSN 1748–8958; Vol: 6(1): 39–62 DOI: 10.1177/1748895806060666
A desistance paradigm for offender management
FERGUS McNEILL
Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, UK
Abstract
In an influential article published in the British Journal of Social Work in 1979, Anthony Bottoms and Bill McWilliams proposed the adoption of a ‘non-treatment paradigm’ for probation practice. Their argument rested on a careful and considered analysis not only of empirical evidence about the ineffectiveness of rehabilitative treatment but also of theoretical, moral and philosophical questions about such interventions. By 1994, emerging evidence about the potential effectiveness of some intervention programmes was sufficient to lead Peter Raynor and Maurice Vanstone to suggest significant revisions to the ‘non-treatment paradigm’. In this article, it is argued that a different but equally relevant form of empirical evidence—that derived from desistance studies—suggests a need to re-evaluate these earlier paradigms for probation practice. This reevaluation is also required by the way that such studies enable us to understand and theorize both desistance itself and the role that penal professionals might play in supporting it. Ultimately, these empirical and theoretical insights drive us back to the complex interfaces between technical and moral questions that preoccupied Bottoms and McWilliams and that should feature more prominently in contemporary debates about the futures of ‘offender management’ and of our penal systems.
Key Words desistance • effectiveness • ethics • offender management • nontreatment paradigm • probation
39
40
Criminology & Criminal Justice 6(1)
Introduction
Critical analysts of the history of ideas in the probation service have charted the various reconstructions of probation practice
References: Criminology & Criminal Justice 6(1) Burnett, Ros (1992) The Dynamics of Recidivism McNeill—A desistance paradigm for offender management McGuire, James and Philip Priestley (1995) ‘Reviewing “What Works”: Past, Present and Future’, in J Criminology & Criminal Justice 6(1) Raynor, Peter (1978) ‘Compulsory Persuasion: A Problem for Correctional Social Work’, British Journal of Social Work 8(4): 411–24