Developmental Theories
Developmental Theories
Britny Long
NU1320
12/15/2014
ITT Technical Institute
Developmental Theories
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory are two well-known theories of development. Theories that is important when caring for a patient’s personal needs.
Sigmund Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory that has been researched and practiced by many practitioners. One thinker who both underwent and practiced psychoanalysis is Erik Erikson. While Freud believed that development was driven by biological impulses such as the need for food and sex, Erikson emphasized the role of environmental factors and culture (Ollhoff, 1996). Both theorists separate development into stages and use similar age divisions.
Freud emphasized the first six years of life as being most crucial for personality development. He lists three stages: the oral stage (first year of life), the anal stage (1-3 years) and the phallic stage (3-6 years). The stages revolve around pleasure centers such as the mouth, anal release and genitals. Latency Stage occurs from age 6 to puberty. During the latency stage, a child represses his/her sex drive and focuses on social skills (Mogg, Stopa, Bradley, 2001).
Erikson’s stages cover a person’s lifespan. These stages are based on the analysis of major psychosocial challenges. The first three stages cover infancy and early childhood. The conflicts covered during these three stages are establishing trust, independence and purpose. Stages 4 and 5 cover school age and adolescence, periods during which an individual must gain competency and sense of self. The remaining stages cover early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age. During the final stages, a person must learn to love, care for others and develop a sense of integrity (Capps, 2012).
Freud and Erikson have similar theories that are important to caring for 16 year old, Mexican American, Sara. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the importance
Britny Long
NU1320
12/15/2014
ITT Technical Institute
Developmental Theories
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory are two well-known theories of development. Theories that is important when caring for a patient’s personal needs.
Sigmund Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory that has been researched and practiced by many practitioners. One thinker who both underwent and practiced psychoanalysis is Erik Erikson. While Freud believed that development was driven by biological impulses such as the need for food and sex, Erikson emphasized the role of environmental factors and culture (Ollhoff, 1996). Both theorists separate development into stages and use similar age divisions.
Freud emphasized the first six years of life as being most crucial for personality development. He lists three stages: the oral stage (first year of life), the anal stage (1-3 years) and the phallic stage (3-6 years). The stages revolve around pleasure centers such as the mouth, anal release and genitals. Latency Stage occurs from age 6 to puberty. During the latency stage, a child represses his/her sex drive and focuses on social skills (Mogg, Stopa, Bradley, 2001).
Erikson’s stages cover a person’s lifespan. These stages are based on the analysis of major psychosocial challenges. The first three stages cover infancy and early childhood. The conflicts covered during these three stages are establishing trust, independence and purpose. Stages 4 and 5 cover school age and adolescence, periods during which an individual must gain competency and sense of self. The remaining stages cover early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age. During the final stages, a person must learn to love, care for others and develop a sense of integrity (Capps, 2012).
Freud and Erikson have similar theories that are important to caring for 16 year old, Mexican American, Sara. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the importance