Diarrhoea
Assignment 1_Tutorial 1 (100%)
Part 1: Constipation and Diarrhoea (50%)
Questions:
(1) In what conditions, the patient is said to have diarrhoea? (4 marks) The patient would have an increased frequency and decreased consistency of fecal discharge may vary among individuals when the patient has diarrhoea.
(2) a) What is ORS? (4 marks) ORS is oral rehydration salts preparation. ORS is used to preventing or remedying dehydration. ORS contains three ingredient, citrate or bicarbonate, glucose and sodium.
b) What are the reasons to use ORS for simple diarrhoea? (4 marks)
Because the patient may have dehydration after diarrhoea, glucose and sodium are actively absorbed through …show more content…
For example, we can use Fleet®enema which is water aqua.
(6) What possible results would be caused if stimulant laxatives are administered for an extended period? (10 marks)
If stimulant laxatives are administered for an extended period, the intestine will depend on a medical to squirm. It will cause imbalance and loss of the function of the motility in the intestine. Also, prolonged use of stimulant laxatives may lead to tolerance. With continued use, the dosage must be increased to induce the laxative effect; lead to dependence with the laxative is required in order to move the bowel. Long-term use can cause diarrheoa which make loss of electrolytes and water. Moreover, it will cause muscle weakness, incoordination, and orthostatic hypotension.
(7) What are differences between laxative and purgative? (2 marks)
Laxatives make it easier for you to poop.
Purgatives cause your bowels to evacuate everything from them.
(8) Choose the classification of laxative (8 marks, @ 1 marks)
A Bulk forming laxative B Osmotic laxative
C Stimulant laxative D Faecal …show more content…
Cimetidine also inhibits microsomal cytochrome P450 and thus prolongs the half-life of some drugs, for example, warfarin, theophylline.
(5) Problems of Using Antacids: (6 marks) (i) NaHCO3
It will lead belching and distension, absorbed into blood stream causing systemic alkalosis: sodium overload.
(ii) Magnesium salts
It will produce diarrhea
(iii) Aluminium salts
It will cause constipation
(6) (i) Principles of Helicobactor pylori Eradication Therapy : (4 marks)
Implicated as causative factor in production of gastric, duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. Eradication therapy promotes rapid and long-term healing of ulcers. Eradication rate: 80-90%by using combination of PPI with antimicrobial agents.
(ii) Example(s) of 1st line (Triple Therapy) (2 marks)
Proton pump inhibitor + clarithromycin + amoxicillin x 2 weeks
PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole (if amoxicillin is unsuitable)
PPI + amoxicillin + metronidazole(if clarithromycin is unsuitable)
(7) Matching items : (8
Part 1: Constipation and Diarrhoea (50%)
Questions:
(1) In what conditions, the patient is said to have diarrhoea? (4 marks) The patient would have an increased frequency and decreased consistency of fecal discharge may vary among individuals when the patient has diarrhoea.
(2) a) What is ORS? (4 marks) ORS is oral rehydration salts preparation. ORS is used to preventing or remedying dehydration. ORS contains three ingredient, citrate or bicarbonate, glucose and sodium.
b) What are the reasons to use ORS for simple diarrhoea? (4 marks)
Because the patient may have dehydration after diarrhoea, glucose and sodium are actively absorbed through …show more content…
For example, we can use Fleet®enema which is water aqua.
(6) What possible results would be caused if stimulant laxatives are administered for an extended period? (10 marks)
If stimulant laxatives are administered for an extended period, the intestine will depend on a medical to squirm. It will cause imbalance and loss of the function of the motility in the intestine. Also, prolonged use of stimulant laxatives may lead to tolerance. With continued use, the dosage must be increased to induce the laxative effect; lead to dependence with the laxative is required in order to move the bowel. Long-term use can cause diarrheoa which make loss of electrolytes and water. Moreover, it will cause muscle weakness, incoordination, and orthostatic hypotension.
(7) What are differences between laxative and purgative? (2 marks)
Laxatives make it easier for you to poop.
Purgatives cause your bowels to evacuate everything from them.
(8) Choose the classification of laxative (8 marks, @ 1 marks)
A Bulk forming laxative B Osmotic laxative
C Stimulant laxative D Faecal …show more content…
Cimetidine also inhibits microsomal cytochrome P450 and thus prolongs the half-life of some drugs, for example, warfarin, theophylline.
(5) Problems of Using Antacids: (6 marks) (i) NaHCO3
It will lead belching and distension, absorbed into blood stream causing systemic alkalosis: sodium overload.
(ii) Magnesium salts
It will produce diarrhea
(iii) Aluminium salts
It will cause constipation
(6) (i) Principles of Helicobactor pylori Eradication Therapy : (4 marks)
Implicated as causative factor in production of gastric, duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. Eradication therapy promotes rapid and long-term healing of ulcers. Eradication rate: 80-90%by using combination of PPI with antimicrobial agents.
(ii) Example(s) of 1st line (Triple Therapy) (2 marks)
Proton pump inhibitor + clarithromycin + amoxicillin x 2 weeks
PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole (if amoxicillin is unsuitable)
PPI + amoxicillin + metronidazole(if clarithromycin is unsuitable)
(7) Matching items : (8