Branzburg v. Hayes was the only ever supreme court case to deal with reporter’s privilege. The ruling of this case was that reporter’s had no right to hide their sources in a court case. The chief justice at the time,Warren Burger, made a point that reporters, “like other citizens, [must] respond to relevant questions put to them in the course of a valid grand jury investigation or criminal trial (Fargo,2010).” With a decision that was five for and four against, this case was not an open and shut many thought it to be. Calling into play a look at the first amendment and what it really means when it says the freedom of speech. Interpreting a document that is more than two hundred years old is not an easy task to accomplish, having to combine…
Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University, and the…
The importance of making critical evaluations of news stories come to play in the recent story about the Trayvon Martin and George Zimmerman case. This is a story about a young black teenager and a neighborhood watchman that shot and killed young Trayvon. Many news stations reported the story showing pictures of both of them that had been taken years prior to the actual event. Trayvon’s pictures showed him as an innocent boy and Zimmerman as upset and angry in a much earlier mug shot. The media also showed bias to both these individuals and seemed to be concerned with sensationalism, rather than finding out the true facts in the case. The concern they showed at the time the story broke, appeared to be geared towards selling the story and building the story into a racially motivated incident. The news was not completely clear or accurate and the investigative methods were not sufficient in either depth or breadth. The stories promoted the idea that Trayvon was an innocent young black kid who just happened to be out late at night and that Zimmerman was just looking to act as judge, jury and executioner. The pictures of George Zimmerman seemed to promote prejudice and negative emotions from the audience. They used bias in the news by deliberately ignoring more current pictures of both these individuals. Many of the news channels seemed to deliberately ignore the truth of the story regarding what type of people both Trayvon and George were. A mug shot of a younger angry looking Zimmerman and a more recent picture shows Zimmerman in a dress coat and tie with him clearly smiling shows a distinct disregreard for truthful reporting and bias in reporting. The news clearly chose to ignore any alternative perspectives in regards to this story. The stories focused on accusing Zimmerman of being an angry, trigger happy watchman who took it upon himself to deliver justice without waiting for the police to show…
This case, and similar cases in the last few years, have spurred interest in a federal shield law for reporters. In May 2014, the U.S. House of Representatives also passed a law that will give journalists further protection against having to reveal their anonymous…
Known for her tremendous work of hosting NPR’s On the Media, Brooke Gladstone analyzes in, “The Great Refusal”, the impact of reporters’ convictions in order to ascertain its direct effect on media bias. The job of a reporter is to recall relevant social and economic accounts that take place daily without siding on an issue. Majority of the time, journalists and reporters lack credibility to prove the accuracy or falsity of the information that they release to the public. While some seldom favors an issue relative to their opinion, others remain neutral and make the great refusal. Gladstone indirectly refers to the “Great Refusal” by providing brief historic scenarios that elucidate the controversy of media bias against society.…
A Fight for Freedom for Journalists “A First Amendment Blind Spot” was published in The Wall Street Journal by Theodore J. Boutrous Jr. The author is a partner of the Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher LLP. He is also the co-chair of the International Women’s Media Foundation. Moreover, he was denominated by the National Law Journal as one of 100 most influential lawyers in America (“Theodore J. Boutrous, Jr., JD Biography”).…
Protess, David L. Fay Lomax Cook, Jack D. Doppelt, James S. Ettema, Margaret T. Gordon, Donna R. Leff, and Peter Miller. The Journalism of Outrage: Investigative Reporting and Agenda Building in America. New York: Guilford, 1991.…
Over the past few years the NSA (National Security Agency) has been collecting massive amounts of phone call data from Verizon without the public’s knowledge. This information has just come to the public’s attention earlier this year, and has been covered by many news sources. Some sources stick strictly to the facts of the story and nothing more. However, other sources tend to focus more on their own bias rather than talking about the actual events that happened. There are many ways that reporters can cover a story, two of the more influential factors are the bias, or lack thereof, and the accuracy of the factual information. Therefore, two of the most significant ways to critic articles are by the bias shown and how impactful and truthful the factual information is.…
One would believe that someone who had been victimized by an overreaching media organization would be extra diligent in advocating a person's right to privacy.…
Because journalists rely on outside sources for information, quotes, and analysis, individuals can use the media as a conduit for promoting a certain perspective and influencing the broader public (Gamson & Lasch, 1983). When an incident draws public attention, claims makers such as political leaders, law enforcement officials, professional experts, and activists can be seen to offer to compete for constructions about the nature of the problem (Best, 1991; Kasinsky, 1994). The media is positioned as mediating among these competing constructions, acting as a powerful filter which offers legitimacy to some claims while marginalizing others (Surette, 2007) and often favors claims made by politicians, criminal justice officials, and other noted authorities (Chermak, 1995; Sacco, 1995)... It has been noted that the media particularly rely on police as a quick credible source for information about a crime, which often results in the promotion of police claims about crime and appropriate solutions (Ericson, 1989; Fishman, 1981). (Graziano,…
The media has a right to report cases of criminal activities though different opinions have been expressed against this tendency by the media. The opinions argue that media is fond of creating moral panic and this ethical fear has a great impact on the public behavior. However, the opinions differ because some opinions are for this tendency while others are against this tendency. Most of the reactions of the public towards cases reported by the media have been known to create panic and the panic created always tends to exaggerate statistics while at the same creating bogeyman. In this paper two criminal cases have been tackled to see extend to which media impacts on the criminal justice system. The two cases under comparison in this paper are Oklahoma City Bombing and Jena Six case. The first case that is Oklahoma City Bombing had a…
The media plays a major part in all facets of U.S. society. Increased attention on criminal justice issues and criminal justice administration by the media creates opportunities and threats to the status quo of criminal justice policies and actions. Even though there is a foundation for the accurate and ethical reporting of news about the criminal justice system, the influence of the media on criminal justice and the theories of justice makes society biased. because the significance of political bias in reporting is impartial, there are ethics policies in place for the media in handling the reporting of criminal justice issues and news. and the evaluation of public issues that criminal justice organizations face in ethical decision making…
It is essential that a journalist does not appear biased. There is nothing wrong with Jonathan Jones discussing how ignorance easily manipulates the truth, but by criticizing the spotlight on the police and excessively praising the innocence of Jeffrey Hillman, he decreases the article's impact and substance.…
What is the difference between being fair and being equal? In our society, do people have an equal or fair shot?…
According to Google, ethics are “a set of moral principles, esp. ones relating to or affirming a specific group, field, or form of conduct”. Three important ethical codes in editing or journalism is fairness, responsibility, and useful sources. The fairness ethical code from Los Angeles Times Newspaper states, “A fair-minded reader of Times news coverage should not be able to discern the private opinions of those who contributed to that coverage, or to infer that the newspaper is promoting any agenda. A crucial goal of our news and feature reporting – apart from editorials, columns, criticism and other content that is expressly opinionated – is to be nonideological. This is a tall order. It requires us to recognize our own biases and stand apart from them. It also requires us to examine the ideological environment in which we work, for the biases of our sources, our colleagues and our communities can distort our sense of objectivity. In covering controversial issues – strikes, abortion, gun control and the like – we seek out intelligent, articulate views from all perspectives. Reporters should try genuinely to understand all points of view, rather than simply grab quick quotations to create a semblance of balance. People who will be shown in an adverse light in an article must be given a meaningful opportunity to defend themselves. This means making a good-faith effort to give the subject of allegations or criticism sufficient time and information to respond substantively. Whenever possible, the reporter should meet face-to-face with the subject in a sincere effort to understand his or her best arguments”. (http://latimes.image2.trb.com/lanews/media/acrobat/2005-07/18479691.pdf). Responsibility is another ethical statement from the Associated Press Media Editors website. It states, “The good newspaper is fair, accurate, honest, responsible, independent and decent. Truth is its guiding principle.It avoids practices that would conflict with…