which doctors and nurses must work can and does contribute to the problem as well. Within hospitals, there’s a hierarchical ladder which has directors and administrators at the top and med school students struggling to climb onto the first rung.
This hierarchy isn’t inherently a bad thing, after all, there needs to be some form of organization. John Swales is an author who wrote “The Concept of Discourse Community”, which is an essay that aims to clearly conceptualize what a discourse community is and does so by outlining six criteria that must be met in order to identify a group of people as a discourse community. In fact, in his essay, Swales considers hierarchy to be one of the defining characteristics of any discourse community. Swales also claims that within the hierarchy of a discourse community that, “individuals enter as apprentices and leave by death or in other less involuntary ways” (Swales 222). It is common knowledge that the medical discourse community is ruthless and requires a great deal of effort to gain and maintain status and good reputation
in.