The effect of addiction have consumed billions of individuals all over the world, not only consume but also killed. Individuals have relied on drugs to fill the void in their life that is missing. The addict is not only hurting themselves from the drug use but their families, friends, and their community. In this paper, it will give a description of a 21-year-old male named Anthony. Anthony started using marijuana at the age of 20, trying to hide the pain from the death of his sister. Eventually, marijuana was not enough to get Anthony the extra high he wanted which Anthony made the choice to try another drug and eventually it became the love of his life.…
For many years, individuals have battled substance abuse and addiction. My position comes from hearing about it, having seeing results from it, and reading about it, also developing my own thoughts about addiction. Weil and Rosen (1993) believe that a drug use (and addiction) results from humans longing for a sense of completeness and wholeness, and searching for satisfaction outside of themselves. McNeece and DiNitto (2012) says the reason why people continue to use drugs to the point of becoming a physically and/ or psychologically dependent on them are more complex, some have tried to explain this phenomenon as a deficit in moral values, a disease, conditioning or learned behavior, or as a genetic prosperity. Still some see it as a “rewiring” of the brain (Mc Neece & DiNitto, 2012). At this point, there is no one single theory that adequately explains addiction (McNeece & DiNitto, 2012).…
This chapter discusses the biological perspective on addiction. When looking at this perspective it is important to understand the biological causes of addiction, tolerance and withdrawal. The chapter discusses the different ways drugs can be administered and absorbed. Further it talks about the different ways drugs are metabolised and excreted and how drugs affect the central nervous system. Lastly it examines tolerance and withdrawal as understood from the biological perspective.…
Volkow M.D., Nora D. “Drugs, Brain, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction.” National Institue on Drug Addiction. August 2010. Web. 29 September 2012.…
Neuroscience and psychology seem to have been working together to try to understand how and why certain behaviors transpire in a person’s personality, and what makes or motivates a person to do the things they do. One of the most analyzed wonders that mark motivation, the thought developments, and the social interaction, is the analysis of drug obsession. Through advance forms of scanning the brain with imaging equipment like positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have advanced the knowledge of drug addiction and how the brain is affected (Volkow, Fowler, & Wang, 2003,para 2). This paper will examine the brain structures and functions, the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors to abstain from drug use and the heredity and environmental factors on the motivation used to refrain from drug use.…
* Maintenance – Chronic exposure to drugs, alcohol etc. eventually causes a decrease in the activity of these reward circuits, generating a stress situation for the addict, which is usually characterised by withdrawal symptoms or even depression. This negative state becomes dominant and it is this that drives the person to continue their addiction so they do not feel the negative consequences, often leading them to take more as a…
The history of addiction goes back centuries, and unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for people to realize the effects of chemical substances do more harm than good. The difference between drug use and abuse relies heavily on a person’s dependence on the substance. The line between the differences is often very fine. Depending on other factors involved, such as morals, values, environment, and genetic predisposition, the line will most likely be crossed without regard to the consequences until treatment and recovery are the only options left. This is essay compares two theoretical explanations for addiction, including a psychological theory, and a biological theory. In addition, the writer will describe the viewpoints of each model, and how their effectiveness in addiction prevention and intervention.…
"Neurobiology Of Addiction Versus Drug Use Driven By Lack Of Choice." Current Opinion In Neurobiology 23.4 (2013): 581-587. EBSCO MegaFILE. Web. 7 Apr. 2014…
Butelman, B., Leveron, O., Kreek, M., Schulessman, S., Yan, Y., (Oct., 2012). Opiate Addiction and Cocaine Addiction: Underlying Molecular Neurobiology and Genetics. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122(10), 3387-3389…
Hyman, S. E. (2005). Addiction: A disease of learning and memory. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(8), 1414-22. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/220496142?accountid=7374Tomkins, D. M., & Sellers, E. M. (2001). Addiction and the brain: The role of neurotransmitters in the cause and treatment of drug dependence. Canadian Medical Association.Journal, 164(6), 817-21. Retrieved from…
A large majority of people today are willing to believe that addiction is a disease. However, there are many who disagree and define it as a lack of will power or moral weakness. In order for one to have compassion for those suffering from this disease, they must understand the stages and characteristics of the process of addiction.…
References: Prescott, C. A., Madden, P. A. F., & Stallings, M. C. (2006). Challenges in genetic studies of the etiology of substance use and substance use disorders: Introduction to the special issue. Behavior Genetics, 36(4), 473-482.…
There is evidence that genetic plays a role in the development of alcohol and drug dependence through environmental factors. The environmental factors that play a role in genetic in addiction pertains to risk factors. According to Thomas and Osborn (2013), the genetic-environmental interaction consists of various sources of risk factors such as stress, economic hardship, family, and surrounding oneself with substance users. Additionally, Dick and Agrawal (2008) illustrate that individuals that share the same gene are more likely to be at risk for alcohol and drug dependence based on a twin study. However, society demonstrate that if one family members is an alcoholic another member may be at risk. In this case, the gene in one member can within another member, however, individuals may need to go through testing in order to determine if genetic is a factor that is contributing to an addiction. Additionally, genetics plays a role in determining alcohol or drug dependence through a wide range of genes instead of a single gene. Genes play a role in drug dependence but it is not deterministic or the sole reason an individual struggle with an…
Literature throughout history has consistently illustrated one undeniable downfall to the human race: temptation. Whether is comes in the form of a beautiful women or a bottle of wine, the power these temptations have over the brain is overwhelming. In today’s society, the idea of persuasion through temptation has been employed excessively: companies use flashy dresses, exotic locations, and sexual innuendos to attract the attention of the buyers. The connotations of these items can convince a buyer to pursue this portrayed lifestyle, whether that means attending a new clue, buying a specific brand of alcohol, or…
The moral model states that addictions are the result of human weakness, and are defects of a persons character. People who don't agree with the moral model , often have scant sympathy for people with serious addictions. They believe either that a person with greater moral strength could have the will to break an addiction, or that the addict showed a great moral failure in the first place by starting the addiction. The moral model is applied to dependency on illegal substances, perhaps purely for social or political reasons, but is no longer widely considered to have any therapeutic value. Elements of the moral model, especially a individual choices, have found lasting roles in other approaches to the treatment of dependencies. "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Models…