Disease Process Worksheet
Disease Process Worksheet
Cancer of the Bladder
Clinical Signs (How does the disease present?) | Patient often presents with hematuria (blood in urine) ranging from a rust like color to deep red. Frequent and/or painful urination and dysuria are also clinical signs, along with abdominal and back pain | Etiology (What causes the disease or illness?) | Exact causes of bladder cancer are unknown. However, there are etiological factors associated with bladder cancer.Cigarette Smoking, certain chemicals called aromatic amines (benzidine and beta-naphthylamine) which are used in the dye industry are known to contribute to bladder cancer.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection, which can also lead to bladder cancer. This typically …show more content…
An early stage of bladder cancer may be treated by transurethral recection (TUR). A cytoscope is inserted into the bladder via the urethra, where a wire loop removes the cancerous cells and burns the remainder with electrical current. Radical cystectomy is the most common form of surgery and is done on invasive bladder cancer. The entire bladder, neighboring lymph nodes, part of the urethra and other close organs that are infected by cancer are completely removed in radical cystectomy. Intravesical chemotherapy is often used after TUR when the patient has superficial bladder cancer. The bladder is filled (via catheter) with the drugs used, and are left for several hours. This is performed once a week from as short as a month to up to a year. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the drugs are administered intravenously. These drugs can make a person ill, so they are given in cycles to allow for a recovery period. Sometimes chemotherapy is done before a cystectomy, which reduced the size of the neoplasm. This is an example of neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy is when another therapy is performed before surgical removal of the tumor.Immunotherapy or biological therapy, uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. BCG is the most common form of immunotherapy. The BCG solution is inserted into the bladder via a catheter and fills the
Cancer of the Bladder
Clinical Signs (How does the disease present?) | Patient often presents with hematuria (blood in urine) ranging from a rust like color to deep red. Frequent and/or painful urination and dysuria are also clinical signs, along with abdominal and back pain | Etiology (What causes the disease or illness?) | Exact causes of bladder cancer are unknown. However, there are etiological factors associated with bladder cancer.Cigarette Smoking, certain chemicals called aromatic amines (benzidine and beta-naphthylamine) which are used in the dye industry are known to contribute to bladder cancer.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection, which can also lead to bladder cancer. This typically …show more content…
An early stage of bladder cancer may be treated by transurethral recection (TUR). A cytoscope is inserted into the bladder via the urethra, where a wire loop removes the cancerous cells and burns the remainder with electrical current. Radical cystectomy is the most common form of surgery and is done on invasive bladder cancer. The entire bladder, neighboring lymph nodes, part of the urethra and other close organs that are infected by cancer are completely removed in radical cystectomy. Intravesical chemotherapy is often used after TUR when the patient has superficial bladder cancer. The bladder is filled (via catheter) with the drugs used, and are left for several hours. This is performed once a week from as short as a month to up to a year. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the drugs are administered intravenously. These drugs can make a person ill, so they are given in cycles to allow for a recovery period. Sometimes chemotherapy is done before a cystectomy, which reduced the size of the neoplasm. This is an example of neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant therapy is when another therapy is performed before surgical removal of the tumor.Immunotherapy or biological therapy, uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. BCG is the most common form of immunotherapy. The BCG solution is inserted into the bladder via a catheter and fills the