Diseases Caused by Food Borne Microorganisms

Name of diseases | antibiotics | pharmacokinetics | Mechanism of action | Listeriosis and e.coli enteritis | AmpicillinGentamicin | Half-Life: 1-1.8 hrProtein Bound: 15-25%Absorption: oral 50%Distribution: bile, blister & tissue fluids, CSF with inflamed meningesMetabolism: liverExcretion: urineHalf-Life: 2-3 hr (NRF)Protein Bound: <30%Peak Plasma Time: IM 30-90 min; IV 30 min after 30 min infusionDistribution: crosses placenta, relative diffusion from blood into CSF: minimal even with inflammation, CSF: blood level ratio: normal meninges: nil; inflamed meninges: 10-30%Vd: increased by edema, ascites, fluid overload; decreased w/ dehydration, neonates: 0.4-0.6 L/kg children: 0.3-0.35 L/kg adults: 0.2-0.3 L/kgExcretion: urine (as unchanged drug), clearance: directly related to renal function | Ampicillin, a beta-lactam semi-synthetic aminopenicillin, acts as a bactericidal agent against microorganisms by inhibiting cell wall synthesis during active multiplication Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs); which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.Gentamicin is ineffective against anaerobic bacteria because its transport across bacterial cell membranes is dependent upon the presence of oxygen. Gentamicin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding strongly to the bacterial ribosome at the 30S-50S interface and preventing ribosomal activity. It is bacteriocidal, meaning it causes bacterial cell death rather than just stopping bacterial growth.

| Cholera | Tetracyclinechloramphenicol | Tetracycline:Absorption in GItract.Distribution-Volume of distribution is 1.3 L/kg or 108 L Metabolised to