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Wonderstruck is visually appealing as well as emotionally inviting. Middle school students, especially those who read graphic novels, will fall in love with this book. Rose’s story, told only through black-and-white illustrations, keeps the reader actively involved since the gaps must be filled in while the story unfolds. On the other hand, Ben’s story is told through words and keeps the reader wondering how the two stories intertwine. With themes such as longing to find acceptance, living with a disability, and dealing with the “loss” of a parent, today’s middle school student can easily relate to the same struggles as our two characters.…
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Marx’s philosophy comes from the German idealist tradition. He kept the historical change. Didn’t agree with authoritarian politics (Hegel). Agreed with French social order (Utopian socialists: Fourrier and St. Simon). Highly agreed with British political economists (Mill Ricardo, analytical approach.…
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Karl Marx's Theory of History and the Recovery of the Marxian Tradition: Science & Society…
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Marxism – Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818 to reasonably affluent parents: Hirschel (a lawyer) and Henrietta Marx. Although originally Jewish, to avoid anti-Semitism, Hirschel changed to Protestantism and also adopted the more socially acceptable first name of Heinrich when Karl was a child. Marx attended Bonn University but spent most of his time socialising and, under instruction from his father moved to Berlin University. It was here that Marx met Bruno Bauer and was introduced to the writings of Hegel who impressed Marx with his theories that “a thing or thought could not be separated from its opposite. For example, the slave could not exist without the master, and vice versa” (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm 29-10-12) Marx moved to Cologne and it was when he was here he met Moses Hess who called himself a socialist. He attended socialist meetings where the members told him how deprived the German working class were. After hearing these stories he decided to write an article but when warned he may be arrested he decided to move to France. It was while in France that Marx started mixing with the working class for the first time. He hadn’t seen or experienced the kind of poverty in the working class as he had been used to moving in a different, more affluent social circle. Marxism is a structural theory which considers society to be divided into two main social classes; The Rulers and the Workers. The…
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It was Marx’s break with Hegel’s theories that led him to first look at the economy and ultimately led to him developing his theory of materialism. Hegel believed that the consciousness had a primary role in determining the world around us; society as we know it is a product of human thought and interaction. This is known as Idealism. Marx disagreed with Hegel on a number theoretical premises; firstly he disagreed with the emphasis and role Hegel had placed on Philosophy as this ‘.. led to the view that only philosophic categories were real, whereas the real problems of living individuals were overlooked and ignored’ (Morrison 2006). Secondly whilst Hegel believed that ideas acted as causes thus leading them to be important in the history of human development,…
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Karl Marx’s theory and concepts are wide-ranging and had a massive influence and impact society development. Through reading and deeply thinking Marxism theory, I am interested in assessing issues about concept on alienation. I would like to focus more on page 70 to 81 in The Marx-Engels Reader and read over and over again which are the content mostly related to alienation. The reason why I am absorbed in this topic because I notice that Marx had a specific understanding with significant experience of alienation which is found in modern bourgeois society. Later on Marx developed this understanding through his critique of Hegel.…
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“Marx believed that history was marked by constant strife and class warfare,” based upon the work of an influential German philosopher George W.F. Hegel. Hegel’s most prominent philosophy was the Dialectic. “ every idea (the “thesis”) was immediately challenged by its opposite (the “antithesis”).” The basis of this concept was the thesis; either an idea or a historical movement contains within itself…
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First, What does Marx mean by alienation? Karl Marx states that the alienated person feels a lack of meaning in his life, or a lack of self-realization. Alienation has to do with being ‘lifeless’ while working. Workers have no control or say in what they do. They are not able to use their creativity…
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Alienation, a concept that became widely known during the 19th and 20th century has been looked at extensively by a number of leading theorists. Theorists such as Georg Hegel first used the idea of alienation as a philosophic idea, but his work was later grasped upon by theorists known as Ludwig Feuerbach and more importantly Karl Marx. The world till now has been witness to a change in different social structures and forms in which society operates. We as human beings must ask, what purpose do we serve within society? What means do we have to sustain an effective or prosperous way of living? Marx believed we have been through different economic stages and ownership of the things we need to live, beginning with the times of the ancient to feudalism (land granted from the crown) to now where we have arrived at capitalism (private ownership). He saw this as historical stages of development where each stage has the characteristics of a system of production and division of labour, forms of property ownership and a system of class relations (Morrison,K.1995:40). This brought forward Marx’s idea of historical materialism which centred on how to interpret the history of mankind and the development of one stage of society to the next. In turn it looks for reasons for changes in human society and how humans together produced the necessary requirements to live. In relation to historical materialism there was another idea of dialectal materialism. This was a term used by Marx to study natural phenomena, the evolution of society and human thought itself as a process of development which rests upon motion and contradiction (Clapp,R: Acc 10/11/2012). Marx further explains historical and dialectical materialism which will be looked at further in the essay. By understanding how humans produce the necessities to live (historical materialism) and how a way of reasoning helps us to see the growth…
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Marx was, somehow, influenced by Hegel. If Hegel started from the “idea”, Marx, on the contrary, in all his philosophical, juridical, and political studies took his start from a strictly empirical principle. The Hegelian idea of “development” was completely “reversed” by Marx. He put in the place of the timeless development of the “idea” the real historical development of society on the basis of the development of its material mode of production.…
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Group Members: Leslie-Ann Bolden, Michela Bowman, Sarah Kaufman, Danielle Jeanne Lindemann Selections from: The Marx-Engels Reader Karl Marx’s broad theoretical and political agenda is based upon a conception of human history that is fundamentally different from those of the social, and especially the philosophical, thinkers who came before him. Most importantly, Marx develops his agenda by drawing on and altering Hegel’s conception of the dialectical nature of the human experience. As Marx describes in his essay, “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,” and again in the “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,” Hegel did little to base his ideas in the “real” history of man.1 Instead, Hegel’s theory of the nature of man is a “mystical” one. Hegel sees history as a story of man’s alienation from himself. The spirit (Geist, God), is the “true” nature of man, and man must bring the spirit (God) back into himself through the powers of thought (most specifically, philosophy). Drawing on this idea, and also on Feuerbach (see The German Ideology), Marx constructs his conception of history by “standing Hegel on his head.” Unlike Hegel, Marx regards God or spirit as the projection of man’s “true” self. To understand the true self of man, Marx argues, one must understand his “real,” social, material conditions. He states: “It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness” (4). From this idea, Marx proposes to understand the alienated state of man through an understanding of what he terms “historical materialism.” By understanding the material conditions of man through history, Marx argues, man can come to understand his social and political conditions. As he states, “The sum total of these [material] relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on…
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So according to him the historical epochs, Primitive Communism, Slavery, Feudalism and Capitalism were unlike each other because of the different modes of production. This theory of his is referred to as a historical materialism because “he focuses on the material (economic) conditions in society and how these determine social structures and social relations” (Dillon 2010: 35). Similarly, for a progressive change there should be some kind of conflict. If everything in a society is as harmonious and as prosperous as told by early functionalist theorists, there would have been no requirement of change in a society. Marx talks about functions but with a conflict and change. Marx believed there is always a tension in a society that leads to conflict and then a change. To support this theory of his he has taken a concept of “dialectical” change from Hegel. Hegel defined this dialectical process of change in consciousness or idea whereas Marx implied the same on material aspect. Unlike Hegel, he believed that it was matter, which shaped the consciousness. He retained the notion of dialectics but gave it a new significance in a more grounded social theory. In a dialectic process, a thesis (existing idea) and an antithesis (opposing idea) come into a conflict and because of this there is an emergence of synthesis (a new progressive idea). In a capitalist society, as Michele Dillon says, “…existing material conditions (eg. Capitalist class inequality – the thesis) produce opposition (class revolt – antithesis) which in turn leads to a new economic system (communism – the synthesis)” [2010: 37].Marx says the process also happened in other societies with different modes of production (i.e. slavery and feudalism). May be that is the reason he says history of all existing society is a history of class struggle. “According…
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Marxism, the structural conflict sociological theory is a very significant chapter in sociology. It was founded by Karl Marx who believed strongly in communism. Marxism is understood as the theory and practice of working class self-emancipation. This theoretical and political tradition is radically different from the way Marxism is generally described by both critics and many 'adherents' who identify Marxism with the repressive state capitalist regimes that used to dominate Russia and eastern Europe and still hold sway in China, North Korea, Vietnam and Cuba.…
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• Contrary to what one might infer from the history of Marxism after his death, Marx had little political or theoretical influence in his own lifetime. His collaborator, Engels was better known than Marx in the 1840s and 1950s.…
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