Our experiment was as followed as in our text “Microscale Organic Laboratory” by Mayo from pages 275-283. The following modifications were made:…
The purpose of Module 11A was to test for the presence or absence of a particular set of functional groups through the use of wet chemical tests. In this manner, Unknown A which was a colorless solution, was first tested with 2,4-DNP which after mixing for a few seconds formed a bright yellow precipitate. Although this confirms the presence of either a ketone or aldehyde group, one simple chemical test does not completely specify the presence or absence of other functional groups. Therefore, a second test was made in order to test for the presence of alkyl halides (R-Br or R-I specifically). However, after the addition of alcoholic silver nitrate, AgNO3 (test #2) to a few drops of the unknown, the mixture remained colorless and no precipitate formed. Following this, the third test was performed in…
References: 1) Weldegirma, S. Experimental Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual: CHM 2210l and CHM 2211L Fall 2011/ Spring 2012; Mason OH, 2010; pp 4-8.…
5-HT1B receptors are widely distributed throughout the CNS with the highest concentrations found in the basal ganglia, frontal cortex, striatum, and the hippocampus. The function of the 5-HT1B receptor differs depending upon its location.…
Ethanol (100ml), potassium hydroxide (8.065g, 2.568mmol) and water (5ml) were added in order to 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol (0.9402g, 3.17mmol). The mixture was stirred until clear before it was cooled to 5 ºC. A solution of potassium ferricyanide (3.0021 g, 9.085mmol), water (250ml) and ethanol (100ml) was prepared and added dropwise into the mixture ensuring the temperature did not rise above 10 ºC. A grey precipitate was isolated from the yellow mixture through vacuum filtration and washed with water (50ml x 5) and 50% aqueous ethanol. The mixture was dried under vaccuum suction and the melting point was determined. Yield: 0.85g, 90.8% m.p-199.8-200.3ºC. A portion of the dimer (0.0305 g, 0.0514mmol) was quantitatively dissolved in 25ml of toluene. The solution was left for 60min until colorless. The UV-Vis spectra was recorded for the colorless sample. The solution was irradiated using a lamp resulting in a purple solution and the UV-Vis spectrum was retaken. UV (): 524.92nm ε colourless (45.2M-1cm-1) coloured (760M-1cm-1) 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.26 (30H, m) 13C NMR DEPT (75MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.5, 149.0, 138.11, 137.9, 134.4, 134.4, 132.7, 132.01-126.13, 112.38.…
Thank you, I collected the Sigma Aldrich Chemicals (Total 5; o-phenylenediamine, benzylamine, isonicotinic acid, EDC and homophthalic acid) from your office. I requested Malathi to return remaining items (total 9 items) to Chemolab. Because, they already delivered those items on 01-07-2016.…
In this preparative lab, an aldol (trans-p-anisalacetophenone) was produced from the reaction between p-anisaldehyde and acetophenone with the presence sodium hydroxide. The reaction also showed the importance of an enolate and the role it played in the mechanism. Sodium hydroxide acts as a catalyst in this experiment and is chosen because of its basic conditions and pH. The acetophenone carries an alpha hydrogen that has a pKa between 18 and 20. This alpha hydrogen is acidic because of its location near the carbonyl on acetophenone. When the sodium hydroxide is added, it deprotonates the hydrogen and creates an enolate ion. This deprotonation creates a nucleophilic carbon that can attack an electrophilic carbon (like a parent carbon of a carbonyl). This enolate ion is a resonance structure and the oxygen atom and the corresponding pi bond it can form can stabilize the negative charge. When the nucleophilic pi bond attacks the carbonyl carbon (the electrophile) it undergoes nucleophilic addition. This is often known as crossed-aldol condensation and creates a new carbon-carbon bond. Water can donate a proton and form a alpha-beta-hydroxyaldehyde.…
Clin Chem Lab Med 2012;50(11):2061–2063 © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. DOI 10.1515/cclm-2012-0228…
References: 1) E. Stahl, Thin Layer Chromatography, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1969 2) Camag Scientific, Inc., 515 Cornelius Harnett Drive, Wilmington, NC 28401, phone 800-3343909, fax 919-343-1834 3) Desaga GmbH, P.O. Box 101969, D-69009 Heidelberg, Germany, phone 0-62-21-83590, fax 0-62-21-840887…
hepatic macromolecules to produce cell necrosis and damage. Infants less than 90 days old have…
Past History: Smokes ½ a pack of cigarettes per day (since she was a teenager)…
In this experiment Benzpinacolone was synthesized in a process that contained two steps. First the photoreduction of benzophenone in 2-propanol, which was done by placing the flask under sunlightfor the absorption of the UV rays to carry out the reaction. Then the second part was the dehydration of benzpinacol to benzpinacolone, where the benzpinacol product was converted to a ketone by the acid catalyzed rearrangement of the benzpinacol to the benzpinacolone; this was done by adding iodine and acetic acid to benzpinacol. The reaction was then refluxed, cooled in an ice bath, filtered and washed with ethanol. After allowing the benzpinacolone to dry, we found that our percent yield was 71% .Even though the yield was good, considering that the photoreduction period took a couple extra days due to lack of sunlight, loss of product can be attributed to this since we only could get 2.11g/3.0g of benzpinacol from the start of the lab. And since benzpinacol was the limiting reagent, before starting part 2 of the lab this already set us up for some loss in % yield. Also when we transferred our product from the filtration funnel to the watch glass there was product loss because many of the crystals were stuck in the flask and could not be removed to get an accurate weight. The observed melting point of the product was 164-165°C which is a little lower than the theoretical mp value; this can be attributed to impurities in our product. An IR spectrum was given and analyzed for benzophenone. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectrums were also given for benzpinacol and benzpinacolone and the peaks were analyzed for the purpose of recognizing functional groups and noting any similarities and differences between the compounds that were made.…
genomequest,INC. (2006, Oct 5). DrugBank. Retrieved Mar. 23, 2010, from Showing drug card for Acetylsalicylic acid (DB00945): http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00945…
References: 1. Ault, A. Cardon, J. Liberko, C. Pionek, A. Cornellcollege.edu. http://people.cornellcollege.edu/cliberko/orglab.htm. (9/16/12), Organic Chemistry Laboratory CHE 327…
In this experiment, dilutions of 250 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, and 25 ppm of 12C solution was prepared from a caffeine stock solution using ethyl acetate as the solvent. 250 µL of each dilution was added to a respective 0.6 mL vials with 50 µL of 13C and mixed. Next, three 15 mL centrifuge tubes were labeled as “Unknown A,” three were labeled as “Unknown B” and one was labeled “Control.” To each tube, 4 mL of ethyl acetate and 1 mL of the respective unknown or control (100 ppm 12C solution) was added to the respective flasks. Each tube was placed in a sonicator for 2 minutes and then centrifuged for 30 seconds. With each solution mixed and separated into an organic layer and aqueous layer, 1 mL of the organic layer for each solution was transferred to a labeled 2 mL vial. To each vial, about 0.1 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added. Each solution was vortexed and 250 µL of each solution was added to a respective 0.6 mL vial. 50 µL of an…