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Effect of Plant Densities and Phosphorus Levels on the Growth and Yield of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Var. Arka Garima

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Effect of Plant Densities and Phosphorus Levels on the Growth and Yield of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.) Var. Arka Garima
Effect of plant densities and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) var. Arka Garima
K. RAVI KUMAR1 AND V. SUDHA VANI2
Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem-534 101,
Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail : ravikuna4u@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem to study the effect of plant density and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of vegetable cowpea variety Arka Garima under irrigated conditions. The study revealed that the crop responded to plant densities as well as phosphorus levels. The biometric characters like number of primary branches per plant (8.52), pod length (21.31 cm), pod girth (12.35 mm), number of pods per plant (37.02), number of seeds per pod (16.85), pod weight per plant (10.93 g) and pod yield per plant (301.85 g) were higher at lower density plants (37,037 plants/ha) along with 60 kg P2O5/ha. The growth and yield characters like plant height (52.47 cm), TDM accumulation (3968.04 kg/ha), days to flowering (34.73 days), days to first picking (44.28 days) and pod yield (152.87 q//ha) were showed better expression in case of high density planting (74,074 plants/ha) along with 60 kg P2O5/ha. The interaction effect of plant densities and phosphorus levels were significant on plant height, total dry matter accumulation and days to flowering, pod length, pod weight per plant, and yield per plant and pod yield /ha.
Key words: Growth, yield, plant density, phosphorus level, vegetable cowpea
Cowpea plays a substantial role by serving as a grain and vegetable crop mainly for the rural people in the East, West, South and Central parts of Africa (Mortimore et al., 1997). According to FAO (2007), cowpea is produced annually on 11.2 mha ranking 3rd after common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with Africa taking the lead followed by Asia. It is extensively grown in South India



References: Ahmed Naim, M.E. and Abdelrhim Jabereldar, A. 2010. Effect of plant density and cultivar on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp). Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4: 3148-53. Bahudur, V. and Singh, T. 1990. Yield and growth response of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus application. Vegetable Science, 17 : 205-09. Black, C.A Dwivedi, D.K., Singh, H., Shahi, K.M.B. and Rai, J.N. 1994. Response of frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to population densities and nitrogen levels under mid-upland situation in north-east alluvial plains of Bihar. Indian J. Agron., 39 : 581-83. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2007. FAOSTAT http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default. aspx#ancor. Hamad, M.S. 2004. Effect of planting density on the performance of three cultivars of cowpea. M.Sc. thesis submitted to University of Khartoum, Sudan. Honma, S. and Bert, J. 1977. Growing high density cauliflower. American Vegetable Grower, 25 : 40. Joseph, B Mortimore, M.J., Singh, B.B., Harris, F. and Blade, S.F. 1997. Cowpea in traditional cropping systems. Advances in Cowpea Research, 8: 99-113. Ofofi, F Panse, V.G. and Sukhatame, P.V. 1985. Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, New Delhi. Philip, A. 1993. Phosphorus and molybdenum nutrition in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to the Kerala Agricultural University. Srivastava, S.N.L. and Varma, S.C. 1985. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and molybdenum fertilization on growth, nodulation and residual fertility in field pea. Indian J. Agric Res., 19: 131-37. Sundara, T.H., Vyakaranahal, B.S., Shekhargoud, M., Shishidhara, S.D. and Hosamani, R.M. 2004. Influence of phosphorus and micronutrients on seed yield and quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seed Research, 32: 214-16. Verma, V.S. and Saxena, K.K. 1995. Response of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in silty loam soil of central Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Agron., 40 : 67-71.

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