Egalitarianism and Agriculture A.
Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go
This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.
Chapter 1: First Peoples, First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, to 4000 b.c.e.
I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations
A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000–20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools 3. Cave paintings 4. Venus figurines
B. Into Australia 1. Migrations by boats as early as 60,000 years ago 2. Dreamtime
C. Into the Americas 1. Bering Strait migrations: 30,000–15,000 years ago 2. Clovis culture 3. Large animal extinctions 4. Diversification of lifestyles
D. Into the Pacific 1. Waterborne migrations 3,500–1,000 years ago 2. Intentional colonization of new lands 3. Human environmental impacts
II. The Ways We Were
A. The First Human Societies 1. Small populations with low density 2. Egalitarian societies 3. Widespread violence
B. Economy and the Environment 1. The “original affluent society?” 2. Altering the environment
C. The realm of the Spirit 1. Ceremonial space 2. Cyclical view of time
D. Settling Down: The Great Transition 1. New tools and collecting wild grains 2. Climate change and permanent communities 3. Göbekli Tepe: “The First Temple” 4. Settlements make greater demands on environment
III. Breakthrough to Agriculture
A. Common Patterns 1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous 2. Climate change 3. Gender patterns 4. A response to population growth
B. Variations 1. Local plants and animals determined path to agriculture 2. Fertile Crescent first with a quick, 500-year transition 3. Multiple sites in Africa 4. Potatoes and maize but few animals in the Americas
IV. The Globalization of Agriculture A. Triumph and Resistance 1.
This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.
Chapter 1: First Peoples, First Farmers: Most of History in a Single Chapter, to 4000 b.c.e.
I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations
A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000–20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools 3. Cave paintings 4. Venus figurines
B. Into Australia 1. Migrations by boats as early as 60,000 years ago 2. Dreamtime
C. Into the Americas 1. Bering Strait migrations: 30,000–15,000 years ago 2. Clovis culture 3. Large animal extinctions 4. Diversification of lifestyles
D. Into the Pacific 1. Waterborne migrations 3,500–1,000 years ago 2. Intentional colonization of new lands 3. Human environmental impacts
II. The Ways We Were
A. The First Human Societies 1. Small populations with low density 2. Egalitarian societies 3. Widespread violence
B. Economy and the Environment 1. The “original affluent society?” 2. Altering the environment
C. The realm of the Spirit 1. Ceremonial space 2. Cyclical view of time
D. Settling Down: The Great Transition 1. New tools and collecting wild grains 2. Climate change and permanent communities 3. Göbekli Tepe: “The First Temple” 4. Settlements make greater demands on environment
III. Breakthrough to Agriculture
A. Common Patterns 1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous 2. Climate change 3. Gender patterns 4. A response to population growth
B. Variations 1. Local plants and animals determined path to agriculture 2. Fertile Crescent first with a quick, 500-year transition 3. Multiple sites in Africa 4. Potatoes and maize but few animals in the Americas
IV. The Globalization of Agriculture A. Triumph and Resistance 1.