Elementary Statistics: Chapter 8 Notes

Section 1: Review and Preview * Chapters 2 and 3 used “descriptive statistics when summarizing data using tools (such as graphs), and statistics (such as mean and standard deviation) * Methods of inferential statistics use sample data to make an inference or conclusion about a population * Two main activities of inferential statistics are using sample data to… * Estimate a population parameters * Such as estimating a population parameter with a confidence interval * Test a hypothesis or claim about a population parameter * Chapter 7 presented methods for estimating a population parameter with a confidence intervals * This chapter presents the method of hypothesis testing * A hypothesis is a claim or statement about a property of a population * A hypothesis test (or test of significance) is a procedure for testing a claim about a property of a population * Main objective of this chapter is to develop the ability to conduct hypothesis tests for claim made about a population proportion “p”, a population mean “μ”, or a population standard deviation “σ” * Formal method of hypothesis testing uses several standard terms and conditions in a systemic procedure * CAUTION: When conducting hypothesis tests instead of jumping directly to procedures and calculations, be sure to consider context of data, source of data, and sampling method used to obtain sample data

Section 2: Basics of Hypothesis Testing * This section presents individual components of a hypothesis test * Part 1 discusses basic concepts of hypothesis testing * Know and understand following: * How to identify null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis from a given claim, and how to express both in symbolic form * How to calculate value of test statistic, given a claim and sample data * How to identify critical value(s), given a significance level * How to identify P-value, given a value of test statistic