Preview

Endometritis

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2722 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Endometritis
Postpartum Endometritis Evidence Based Paper
March 13, 2012

Endometritis is the inflammation or irritation of the uterus, which is a common post partum complication that occurs in more than 15% of all pregnancies and is currently the leading cause of maternal mortality (Scott & Hasik, 2001). When endometritis is not related to pregnancy, it is referred to as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guideline defines PID as any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis.
From a pathologic perspective, endometritis can be classified as acute versus chronic. Acute endometritis is distinguished by the presence of neutrophils within the endometrial glands. Chronic endometritis is characterized by the presence of plasma cells and lymphocytes within the endometrial stroma. Chronic endometritis in the postpartum or post abortion patient is usually associated with retained products of conception after delivery or abortion. In the nonobstetric population, chronic endometritis has been associated with infections such as chlamydia, tuberculosis, bacterial vaginosis, and the presence of intrauterine devices (Rivlin, 2011).
Early-onset postpartum endometritis occurs within two days of delivery, and the late-onset of the disease can occur up to six weeks postpartum. This condition will usually start as a local infection at the placental attachment site and if left untreated, can spread to the entire uterine endometrium (French & Smaill, 2004). There are numerous risks associated with this condition, and diagnosis relies heavily on the clinical judgment of the practitioner.
The contamination of the uterine cavity with vaginal organisms during labor and delivery causes the disease. Both bacterial and viral infections may initiate endometritis and many of the agents that cause the infection are naturally present in the vagina.



References: Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care French, L. (2003). Prevention and treatment of postpartum endometritis. Current Women’s Health Reports, 3(4), 274-279 French, L., & Smaill, F. M. (2004). Antibiotic regimens for endometritis after delivery Moldenhauer, J. S. (2008, November). Puerperal endometritis. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology_and_obstetrics/postpartum_care_and_associated_disorders/puerperal_endometritis.html Nelson, C. B. (2010, January 22). Routine antibiotic use reduces mothers’ infection risk from c- section Olsen, M. A., Butler, A. M., Willers, D. M., & Gilad, A. G. (2010). Risk factors for endometritis after low transverse cesarean delivery Pillitteri, A. (1999) Maternal & Child Health Nursing, (3rd ed. pp.789-792). Philadelphia: PA: Lippincott. Rivlin, M. E. (2011, June 14) Endometritis. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254169-overview Scott, L. D., & Hasik, K. J. (2001). The similarities and differences of endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Case Brief A4

    • 1103 Words
    • 4 Pages

    On November 11, 1974, Gnazzo had an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted in her uterus for contraceptive purposes. The IUD was developed, marketed and sold by G.D. Searle & Co. (Searle). When Gnazzo’s deposition was taken, she stated that her doctor had informed her that “the insertion would hurt, but not for long,” and that she “would have uncomfortable and probably painful periods for the first three to four months. On October 11, 1975, Gnazzo found it necessary to return to her physician due to excessive pain and cramping. During this visit she was informed by her doctor that he thought she had Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID). She recalled that he stated that the infection was possibly caused by venereal disease or the use of the IUD. The PID was treated with antibiotics and cleared up shortly thereafter. Less than one year later, Gnazzo was again treated for an IUD-associated infection. This infection was also treated with antibiotics. Gnazzo continued using the IUD until it was finally removed in December of 1977.…

    • 1103 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Hillcrest Medical Case 1

    • 1461 Words
    • 6 Pages

    REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: Patient complains of lower abdominal pain for the past week. Apparently got much worse last night, and by this morning wasn’t tolerable. She is also having some nausea and vomiting, denies hematemesis and mel?? She has had vaginal spotting over the past month with questionable vaginal discharge as well. denies the frequency, urgency and hematuria and denies arthralgia. Review of systems is otherwise essentially negative.…

    • 1461 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    UMA Week 3

    • 305 Words
    • 1 Page

    8. What disease or condition can lead to DUB (Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding)? Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia, and Polymenorrhea…

    • 305 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Discuss the questions that would be important to include when interviewing a patient with this issue. Questions that increase the patient risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy should be asked and they include: history of previous tubal surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure, previous genital infections, infertility, current smoking, and previous intrauterine device use (Lozeau, & Potter, 2005). Questions about menstrual cycles as well as the pelvic pain should be inquired. The PQRST mnemonic guide can be used for a complete pelvic pain history as follows: P3 – Positional, palliating, and provoking factors; Q – Quality; R3 – Region, radiation, referral; S – Severity; T3 – Temporal factors (time and mode of onset,…

    • 546 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Current research and evidence shows the importance of maintaining good oral health during pregnancy. Evidence supports that periodontal infections during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes such as premature deliveries, low birth weight, still birth, miscarriage, and pre-eclampsia (Russell & Mayberry, 2008; Jeffcoat, Geurs, Reddy, Cliver, Goldenberg & Hauth, 2001).…

    • 2109 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    8.1 Workfile

    • 950 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In women, Gonorrhea is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What are symptoms of PID? Fever, Vaginal Discharge, Painful urination,…

    • 950 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the beginning of the play Romeo appears to be somewhat pretentious. He speaks dramatically of his "love" for Rosaline which, in fact, is probably not love at all. He speaks in rhyming couplets which makes his words sound insincere and rehearsed. He over dramatises the situation while talking to Benvolio (his cousin) which suggests that he is seeking sympathy or attention - such actions make him seem immature in comparison to the rational thinking characters in the play such as Paris.…

    • 276 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Medical Transcription

    • 659 Words
    • 3 Pages

    REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: Patient complains of a lower abdominal pain for the past week that apparently got much worst last night and by this morning was intolerable. She is also having some nausea and vomiting. Denies hematemesis, hematokesa, and melena. She has had vaginal spotting over the past month with questionable vaginal discharge as well. Denies…

    • 659 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Female infertility can be a result of multiple distinct factors. Of the many factors, three of the most common types of infertility in women are Endometriosis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Ovulation Disorders. Endometriosis is a condition where segments of the uterine lining grow on the outside of the uterus resulting in inflammation, scarring, cysts and infertility.…

    • 2021 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    A baby at thirty-nine weeks is not fully developed, and therefore faces many risks. Babies born via c-section are more likely to be administered into the NICU than babies born vaginally. According to Gawande (2007) “the child can be lacerated. Although this is rare, it does happen. Atul Gawande also goes on to say “if the placenta separates and the head doesn’t come free quickly, the baby can asphyxiate.” This means that the baby gets an insufficient amount of oxygen and deprives the child of air. It puts the baby in respiratory distress. There are also many other risks that the baby may encounter. In Kresser’s (2011) article, he states that the complications associated with cesarean section are “increased risk of respiratory compromise, low blood sugar, poor temperature regulation, and depressed immune function.” One interesting fact is that babies born via c-section do not have a specific group of “gut bacteria” that vaginal delivered babies have. According to Dvorsky’s (2013) article, “This gut bacteria is important for newborns, as it helps them digest food, regulate bowels, develop their immune systems, and protect against infection.” A baby can only be exposed to this through a vaginal birth, while a cesarean deny them that opportunity. Without this gut bacteria, the baby has a risk of allergies and asthma later in life. At the same time, the mothers face many risks as…

    • 1670 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Risk factors are bleeding after menopause is usually the first sign. If that happens, the chances are one in three that you have this cancer. For women who haven't gone through menopause, bleeding between periods might signal either endometrial or cervical cancer. Other symptoms of endometrial cancer include pain during intercourse and painful or difficult urination. Those you can't control include genetics or family history, and environmental exposures or behaviors that occurred in the past. Those you can control include your current and future behavior, including diet and exercise, and your current and future environmental exposures, such as to tobacco smoke or other chemicals. Remember that risk factors are not absolute: having one or more risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer, and avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy. They certainly affect your odds. Because behavior is the major contributor to cancer risk, every healthful change that you make can lower your risk further. Even though you are starting at a below-average risk level, there are probably several things you can do to lower your risk further. Behavior changes that can further reduce your risk are discussed below. Going to a health professional for regular pelvic exams may pick up changes in your uterus and can be good for your health. If you have any of the following symptoms you should see your healthcare provider. While they are most likely not caused by uterine cancer, these symptoms should be evaluated. 1- Abnormal vaginal bleeding. 2- Cramping or pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen. 3- Bleeding after sexual intercourse.…

    • 470 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In looking at the surgical options, regarding treatment of endometriosis, I reviewed a study completed investigating whether hysterectomy was the best treatment option. The article referenced involved 120 patients with endometriosis and stated that local endometriosis excision via laparoscopy…

    • 225 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Nursing Assessment Paper

    • 1259 Words
    • 6 Pages

    References: Ackley, B. & Ladwig, G. (2008). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence based guide to…

    • 1259 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Best Essays

    Thyroid Cancer

    • 2102 Words
    • 9 Pages

    M. L. Lee, G. G. Chen, A. C. Vlantis, G. M. K. Tse, B. C. H. Leung, and C. A. Van…

    • 2102 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essay On Endometriosis

    • 774 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Endometriosis is a painful, chronic disease that occurs when tissue, called the endometrium is found outside the uterus. Common symptoms include lower abdomen pain, often described as “cramp-like” pain. Other symptoms associated with endometriosis are pelvic pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and infertility. Pain can also appear in the lower belly, legs and back. The type of pain felt depends on where the endometrial tissue has grown in the abdomen. Another term for endometrial tissue is endometrial implants. These implants can grow outside the womb or in the wall of a fallopian tube. The bowel and bladder can also be affected, which can lead to problems with urination and bowel movements.…

    • 774 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays