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energy crisis and effect on ROA
ENERGY CRISIS AND EFFECT ON ROA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Abstracts:
This study investigates the impact of Energy crisis on the financial performance of the different industries in Pakistan. In the study Performance has been measured by Return on Assets ratio (ROA).Performance of all the KSE listed companies from five major industries of Pakistan has been observed for the period of six years (2004 to 2009). For Descriptive and paired sample mean comparison, sample has divided into two, pre and post energy crisis. Results of the study suggested that performance of the companies have decreased significantly because of energy crisis in Pakistan. Industry wise analysis revealed that Textile, Cement and Engineering Industries badly affected by energy crisis. However impact of these crises on Sugar and Chemical industry is insignificant.
Key Words:Energy Crisis, Performance of Industry, Pakistan

Introduction:
Energy is considered to be the lifeline for every economy around the globe, and it is considered the most important component in the course of development (Sahir and Qurashi, 2007)whether it is agriculture or industry, energy is an essential component to move forward. Socially it represents the class of life of citizens and community and economically it is important for every industry. Traditional theories of economics consider just capital and labor as the most important factors of production(Stern Cleveland, 2004). But it is no more the case in current scenario, recent studies have suggested that energy is the most important component in the production and consumption function of every economy in the world(IEA, 2005). Lot of work has done in the recent years and it has been proved that energy is the essential component in the growth of economy because of its complementary part in production (for example, Asafu-Adjaye, 2000;Stern,2000;ShiuandLam,2004;Altinayand Karagol, 2005;Lee,2005).
The relationship of energy consumption and economic growth has



References: 1. Akarca, A. T., and T.V. Long (1980), “On the Relationship between Energy and GNP: A Reexamination”, Journal of Energy Development, Vol. 5, pp. 326-331. 2. Altinay, G. and E. Karagol (2004), “Structural Break, Unit Root, and the Causality between Energy Consumption and GNP in Turkey”, Energy Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 985-994. 3. Altinay, G., Karagol, E., 2005. Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Turkey. Energy Economics 27, 849–856. 5. Aqeel, A and M.S. Butt (2001), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan”, Asia-Pacific Development Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 101-109 6 7. Asafu-Adjaye, J., 2000. The relationship between energy consumption, energy prices and economic growth: time series evidence from Asian developing countries. Energy Economics 22, 615–625. 12. Erbaykal, E. (2008), “Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evodence from Turkey”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Issue, 20, pp. 172-179. 15. Lee, C. C. (2005), Energy Consumption and GDP in Developing Countries: A Cointegrated Panel Analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 27, pp. 415-427. 16. Lee, C. C. (2006), “The Causality Relationship between Energy Consumption and GDP in G-11 Countries Revisited”, Energy Policy, Vol. 34, pp. 1086-1093. 17. Lee, C., 2005. Energy consumption and GDP in developing countries: a co-integrated panel analysis. Energy Economics 27, 415–427. 18. National Bank of Pakistan (2008), “Pakistan’s Energy Sector”, Economic Bulletin, 19 20. Sahir, M. H. and A. H. Qureshi (2007), “Specific Concerns of Pakistan in the Context of Energy Security Issues and Geopolitics of the Region”, Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 2031-2037. 21. Sari, R., B. T. Ewing and U. Soytas (2008), “The Relationship Between Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Industrial Production in the United States: An ARDL Approach”, Energy Economics, Vol. 30, pp. 2302-2313. 22. Shiu, A., Lam, P., 2004. Electricity consumption and economic growth in China. Energy Policy 32, 47–54. 23. Soytas, U. and R. Sari (2003), “Energy Consumption and GDP: Causality Relationship in G-7 Countries and Emerging Markets”, Energy Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 33-37. 24. Stern, D. I. and J. C. Cleveland (2004), “Energy and Economic Growth”, Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics, ss. 1-42 25 26. Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2004), “Disaggregate Energy Consumption and GDP, the Experience of Shangai 1952-1999”, Energy Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 69-75. 27. Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2005), “Energy Demand and Economic Growth: The African Experience of 19 Countries”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 27, pp. 891-903. 28. Zaleski, P. (2001), “Energy and Geopolitical Issues”, In Rao, D. B., D. Harshyita (eds.), Energy Security, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi.

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