Enlightenment And Industrial Revolution

1. Discuss the historical foundations of human rights with reference to the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution.
The foundation of the human rights in reference to the enlightenment period began with the birth of “secular universalism” which assaulted the Roman Catholicism politically and intellectually. After 30 years of war and violation of human rights, the overthrown of the Catholic Church, and the raise of the English new Bill of Rights that granted more personal freedoms, human rights began to develop throughout history. The religious war in Europe and civil war in England encourage liberalism and concern on human rights. The American and French revolutions initiated a democratic revolution leading to universal suffrage. Following
Human rights during the Industrial Revolution began because of child labor, urbanization, and the working conditions. Child labor during this period was inhumane. Children of the age of six were working log hours a day with no break, the work conditions were bad and many accidents occurred were many children were injured or killed. There was sexual discrimination where boys got paid more then girls. The Factory Act of 1883 made a tremendous impact on factory workers. Urbanization increased in England after the population began to work in factories and most of the population lived in rural areas. The working conditions during this period caused many death, injuries, illness, and life expectancy was shorter. The middle class benefited during this period however the lower class suffered all the consequences. Immigrants working in the factories had no power to vote or fight for their rights. Britain passed the Combination Acts to stop illegal workers from gathering and protest for the working
The ICC was created to review and prosecute international crimes such as crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. The court is composed of 18 judges who reviews the cases presented at court. The court has adopted Rome Statute and has been ratified by 60 states. For a case to be heard at the ICC, the state has to send the case to the court. The office of the Prosecutor will then receive the information, conduct and investigation and then execute the case within the courts jurisdiction. Once the case is in the ICC hands there are three phases to face; pre-trial where charges are confirmed, then trial where guilt or innocence is determined, and then appeals where the convicted individual have a chance to appeal the decision made by the judges. The ICC is in place to make to bring criminals to justice when the states itself are unable of doing so. The court has jurisdiction only on crimes committed after 2002. A main issue with the ICC is that they don’t have an army or a police force to impose their justice system and take in criminals. The ICC relies on the state to make the arrest and bring in the suspect. If the accused is not a citizen of an ICC member state the court, or the crime took place in an ICC member state then the court would not have jurisdiction. The state has to accept the jurisdiction for the ICC to open an