Environmental impact assessment is a process of evaluating the environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, culture, and human health impacts, both beneficial and adverse
It is described as a tool used to identify the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the project prior to decision-making. It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environmental and presents the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoided clean-up cost and impacts of laws and regulations.
Environmental impact assessment commenced in the 1960s, as part of increasing environmental awareness. EIA involves evaluation intended to contribute to more objective decision making. In the
United States, environmental impact assessment obtained formal status in 1969, with enactment of the national environmental policy act. EIAs have been used increasingly around the world. The number of environmental assessment filed every year has vastly overtaken the number of more rigorous environmental impact statements. An environmental impact assessment is a mini-EIS designed to provide sufficient information to allow the agency to decide whether the preparations of
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