Epidemiology Case Study: Atrial Muscle
1.The atria does not perform any contractions since it is directly linked to the SA node. The SA node is being blocked was causes no signals to be sent to the atria muscle, resulting in no contraction of it. On the other hand, there will be contraction at 40 times per minute for the atrioventricular because this node has its own pacemaker which will allow it to spontaneously contract by depolarizing without any other signal or stimulus--thus, even though the SA node signals are blocked, the ventricles will still contract it will still be able to depolarize spontaneously. A form of treatment that can cause the atria to receive stimulation to is to have an implantation of an external pacemaker into the heart in order to cause the Atrial Muscle
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to deplarize and contract like normal.
2.
When the beta-adrenergic receptor is blocked by an antagonist the graph of the SA node action potential will appear to reach a lower amplitude compared to the one that did not intake any metoprolol. Since the metoprolol affects the beta receptors which influences the amount of calcium being let it, it will cause the heart to contract less since the action potential will be stimulated less from the decrease in calcium ions.
If the parasympathetic innervation are removed then it will cause the heart rate to increase. The parasympathetic stimulation causes a decrease in heart rate by hyperpolarizing the autorhythmic cells’ membrane potential, thus if the branch is severed than the heart rate will not be in control and will increase by not having the parasympathetic as a regulator--the SA node graph will appear to have a more narrow looking chart since the action potential will occur faster with no hyperpolarization present.
3.Bulk flow will become 0, since the protein concentration is equal to the concentration of plasma in the interstitial fluid, according to the equation, dV/dt will be 0--making the statement correct and the student incorrect. If the bulk flow is 0 then there will be no absorption or filtration in the capillaries making them equal to each
other.
4.Compared to a healthy young adult, the blood pressure from transitioning to standing up from lying down, the patient’s blood pressure changes more dramatically since his heart contraction are weaker and less stabilized. The medication of Viagra will cause relaxation in the patient's muscles which can in turn cause relaxation in the heart muscle and thus making the heart rate decrease.
to deplarize and contract like normal.
2.
When the beta-adrenergic receptor is blocked by an antagonist the graph of the SA node action potential will appear to reach a lower amplitude compared to the one that did not intake any metoprolol. Since the metoprolol affects the beta receptors which influences the amount of calcium being let it, it will cause the heart to contract less since the action potential will be stimulated less from the decrease in calcium ions.
If the parasympathetic innervation are removed then it will cause the heart rate to increase. The parasympathetic stimulation causes a decrease in heart rate by hyperpolarizing the autorhythmic cells’ membrane potential, thus if the branch is severed than the heart rate will not be in control and will increase by not having the parasympathetic as a regulator--the SA node graph will appear to have a more narrow looking chart since the action potential will occur faster with no hyperpolarization present.
3.Bulk flow will become 0, since the protein concentration is equal to the concentration of plasma in the interstitial fluid, according to the equation, dV/dt will be 0--making the statement correct and the student incorrect. If the bulk flow is 0 then there will be no absorption or filtration in the capillaries making them equal to each
other.
4.Compared to a healthy young adult, the blood pressure from transitioning to standing up from lying down, the patient’s blood pressure changes more dramatically since his heart contraction are weaker and less stabilized. The medication of Viagra will cause relaxation in the patient's muscles which can in turn cause relaxation in the heart muscle and thus making the heart rate decrease.