The beginning of the digestive process starts with the smell and sight of food which activate the salivary glands. The mouth is the point at which food enters the digestive tract and continues the digestive process by chewing food. The food is then broken down into pieces and moistened by salivary glands which turn food into a bolus. The bolus goes down the pharynx into the esophagus which connects the pharynx to the stomach. The stomach is an organ that mixes food and secretes gastric juice. The bolus, once in the stomach, is mixed into a semiliquid mass called chime. The stomach is close together with the liver and pancreas but does not get assistance from these organs. The chime then enters…
The cardiovascular system which impacts deeply on human consciousness. The heart and the body’s blood-transporting network of arteries, veins, and smaller vessels form the circulatory or cardiovascular system. As blood is continuously pumped out from the heart and around the system in two circuits, it carries oxygen and vital nutrients to all parts of the body and removes harmful waste products from tissues. (P.169)…
A dysfunction of the immune system is believed to be a common culprit bot both Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. In the case of Crohn's, heredity may play a more important role than it does in the development of ulcerative colitis.…
Exercise 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion: Activity 1: Assessing Starch Digestion by Salivary Amylase Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1. The substrate for amylase is You correctly answered: e. starch and carbohydrate. 2. Which of the following is true of enzymes? You correctly answered: c. Their activity can be affected by temperature and pH. 3. The reagent IKI tests for the presence of You correctly answered: a. starch. 4. Which of the following is not true of controls? You correctly answered: d. A negative result with a positive control is required to validate the test 5. Which of the following is an end product of starch digestion? You correctly answered: e. maltose and glucose 6. Hydrolases are enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller subunits through the addition of _____________. You correctly answered: b. water…
The field of epigenetics is “the study of heritable changes in gene activity which are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence” (“Wikipedia”; n.d.). One can adopt a healthy lifestyle to change the impact of the genes inherited by an offspring. Ornish states that changing eating habits, loving more, and getting more exercise can cause a large increase in brain cells. (“ted.com/speakers”; n.d.) These changes could also impact the number of disease provoking genes that one will pass on to an offspring.…
Epigenetics is a termed coined from epigenome. It is the study of occurrence of changes in the human genome as a result of gene modification expression raising from factors such as lifestyle. The PBS video presents the efforts and advancements made in epigenetics. It is fascinating to realize two people who are identical due to their DNA like twins turn up to be totally different due to alteration of their genes. Great effort has been dedicated in the study of epigenetics in an effort of curbing inherent diseases such as cancer. The breakthrough presented in the video sheds light in the fight against incurable diseases such as cancer as the realization that genes can be altered and modified by what people eat is an interesting breakthrough phenomena.…
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines that causes ulceration in the small and large intestines, but affects the digestive system between the mouth and the anus. Once the disease begins, it tends to be a chronic, recurrent condition with periods of remission and disease exacerbation. The disease tends to be more common in relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease affects males and females at the same rate, normally between the ages of 10 and 30 y/s. Jewish people form Eastern European have a higher chance of CD. Genetic susceptibility and altered immunologic response to the normal bowel flora are the risk factors of CD. In addition, “Increased suppressor T cell activity, alterations in immunoglobulin A (IgA) production, macrophage activation, luminal flora, antigens, and susceptibility genes are factors associated with Crohn disease” (McCance & Huether, 2012, p.909). Overall, this paper is focusing on the steps of Crohn’s disease to cause ulcers in the small intestine, colon or both, their symptoms, their complications and pathogenic changes.…
Coeliac disease is more likely to occur in a person's development through having a parent who carries the gene. People who have coeliac disease are not allowed to eat foods which contain gluten. This is because the gluten causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine causing it to become damaged. People who have the disease tend to have difficulty when absorbing vitamins and minerals also problems can lead to diarrhoea, anaemia and osteoporosis. This disease can react differently depending on the individuals life stage.…
The disease I am going to write about is ulcerative colitis. This will be represented as U/C throughout this essay.…
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the most common type of diabetes accounting for around 90 percent of all cases. This is a condition when the body is still able to make some insulin however not enough and the insulin that is produced does not work as well as usual. This is common in patients in ages over 40, however in some ethnicity can appear earlier on. Some children are also been diagnosed with the condition and the prevalence is increasing (Barrat 2009). The main link is with being overweight or obese. I am going to concentrate and look at Type 2 Diabetes as this is the one that lifestyle changes and risk factors can be targeted to improve outcomes.…
Crohn’s disease is a disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract and can have vast negative effects on the body if not caught and treated properly. This gastrointestinal disease affects men and women equally but is found commonly in Caucasians and people of the Jewish-European decent. Crohn’s is also found more commonly in developed countries compared to undeveloped countries. The symptoms for this disease can occur at any age but are usually prevalent among 15 to 35 year olds. Research has only shown speculated ideas of how this disease manifests itself in the body, but researchers have found out that Crohn’s disease is affected by hereditary factors, genetics, and environmental factors. Although there is no cure to Crohn’s…
Genetic research is huge part of modern science. In the past 60 years, starting with James Watson and Francis Crick’s double helix DNA structure, discoveries in the field of genetics have revolutionized the way we look at life (Wright, 2003). As scientists learn more about the blueprints that make up life, more is revealed, to those with a Christian worldview, about how God works and creates within the natural world. One of the fields within genetic research that has been on the forefront of scientific discovery for the past few years is that of epigenetics. The existence of epigenetics has profound implications on relating the biblical worldview to scientific discovery, and as scientists understand more about epigenetics, more biblical parallels are revealed.…
As it turns out, there may be more to inheritance than just DNA sequence. Epigenetics also could play a role. Epigenetics can dictate which genes in an organism are turned on and off and because of this, an organism can have several changes in their gene expression without any changes to their actual DNA sequencing. This information can persist within an individual because the epigenetic markings get copied along with the DNA when cells reproduce. As evidence accumulates, it is speculated that epigenetics could have played a role in the dramatic increase of illness in recent time.…
Neuroscientists at Emory University found that genetic markers, thought to be wiped clean before birth, were used to transmit a single traumatic experience across generations, leaving behind traces in the behavior and anatomy of future pups. Studies that show how molecules act as DNA markers that influence how the genome is read are known as epigenetic. We pick up these markers during our lives and in various locations on our body as we develop and interact with our environment.…
Epigenetics are the changes in the gene expression which are not caused by changes in the DNA sequences, meaning it a change in the phenotype but not the genotype. It is the study of the genes that are possibly inheritable. The environment you live in plays a key role in epigenetics and how your genes are expressed.…