Preview

Essay On Dysfunctional Pruning

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
425 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Essay On Dysfunctional Pruning
Anete Miljkovic
Popular Science 1

Autism caused by dysfunctional synaptic pruning?

Research shows that autism patients have an increased number of synapses, leading to a slower and less efficient neuronal communication. Due to dysfunctional pruning mechanism, the brain fails to weed out the unnecessary synapses resulting in autism like symptoms.

Autism is a complicated multifactorial disorder Autism is a collection of many diseases and it has many genetic causes. Examined brains of children and adolescents with autism and controls and found that there is a difference. Fro mearly childhood into adolescence synapses – the measn of communication – are pruned. This doesn’t occur in people in autism. The next question is why? There
…show more content…
This was caused by a faulty pruning mechanism, where an overactive protein interferes with the brain’s pruning. The protein is known as mTOR and found in large amounts in autistic brains.
Pruning is a process designed to eliminate unnecessary neuronal connections to make for a faster and more efficient communication. Research done by Tang G. et al (2014), indicate that dysfunctional brain pruning might contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Previous research has indicated that ASD brains contain abnormalities in spine density in frontal, temporal and parietal lobes.

This finding provides a new look on autism therapy. It is possible that in future autism and autism-like disorder might be treated by mTOR inhibitors.

It is possible to use this mechanism in treatment. Can replicate ir chemically by using a dug which increase autophagy, thus synaptic pruning. Even after child is diagnosed, it is not too late and might be treatable.
It is also plausible hat pruning may be involved in other psychiatric disorders. This research can pave the way for new treatments for those with autism or autism like symptoms.

Higher concentrations of TOR protein in autism

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    1.2 Analyse the main diagnostic features of autistic spectrum conditions commonly known as ‘triad of impairments’...…

    • 5837 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    The autism/autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders. These disorders are characterised by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviours and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays. These disorders include Autism, Asperger’s syndrome and Rett Syndrome.…

    • 1149 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Experts are divided on the factors that may cause the autistic brain differences. Genetics, a testosterone connection and environmental toxins are among the many theories. A large segment of the medical community believes there is a genetic component to autism and autistic brain structure and function. Some studies indicated that some people with autism share a genetic variation.…

    • 482 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    English Comp 111

    • 1049 Words
    • 5 Pages

    “One health epidemic at the forefront of public consciousness is autism, a grain disorder that impairs a person’s ability to communicate, socialize and participate in group behavior.” In reading about autism, the diagnostic criteria require that symptoms become apparent before a child is three years old. As stated in Wikpedia under Autism, [2] Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood. [3] Some say that Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is unclear whether ASD is explained more by rare mutations, or by rare combinations of common genetic variants. [5] In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. [6] Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes, such as heavy metals, pesticides or childhood vaccines.…

    • 1049 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Rain Man

    • 350 Words
    • 1 Page

    Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1 in 500 people. It impairs three main areas of human development. The three areas are speech, communication, and social interactions. All impairments can range from mild to severe. Some symptoms include lack of awareness of feelings of others and the expression of emotion, such as laughing or crying. People with autism also insist on following routines and resisting change.…

    • 350 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Leading the Way in the Successful Treatment of Autism. (2013). Center for Autism and Related…

    • 1027 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The rate of Autism in our society is rapidly growing with time. More and more children are being diagnosed with this exceptionality. Autism is classified as a developmental disability that results from a disorder in the central nervous system. It causes impairments to social interaction, communication, imagination, interests, and activities. Most of the issues based around Autism are controversial because it is still not known what the cause of Autism is! Researchers strive every day to find why it is caused, but still nothing has been proven.…

    • 1127 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The book is called “Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde“. The book author and publisher are Robert Louis Stevenson and Longman . Robert is most famous for his works like Treasure Island, Kidnapped, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and A Child's Garden of Verses. The book genres are Drama, Horror fiction, Mystery, Thriller, Gothic fiction, and Science Fiction. The book was published in January 5, 1886.…

    • 176 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Radio Movie Analysis

    • 454 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Autism is generally accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in the brain structure or function. In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities supporting the theory that autism has a genetic basis. Some of the characteristics of an autistic child are, does not babble or coo by 12 months, does not gesture or say a single word much less can speak two word phrases by 12-24 months of age as the child grows he or she may have difficulties communicating or relating to events or people around them, they often play with toys and objects in unusual ways and have difficulty adjusting to changes to their lives such as familiar surroundings or in their daily routine. These characteristics are evident by the age of three.…

    • 454 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Autism spectrum disorder is a general term for the complex neurological diseases that affect brain development. The common characteristics of the disease are difficulties in social interactions, speech communication and repetitive sounds and movements. In May of 2013, the DSM-5 diagnostic manual placed all autism disorders under one umbrella known as ASD or autism spectrum disorders. This merged all of the sub-types like Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (autism speaks, 2014). Common characteristics of autism are intellectual disability, challenges in motor coordination, attention span issues, physical issues like sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. Some children with autism spectrum disorders have excellent visual skills, music, math and art abilities. Autism is born in early brain development. Evident signs of autism emerge between the age of two and three years of age. If a child is diagnosed at an early age behavioral therapies can be used to improve the development of the child. In our society the number of autism disorder is increasing in number of cases reported. However, it is not clear whether this is due to better detection and reporting or is it a real increase in the number of cases of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous condition which means no two children or adults with autism have exactly the same symptoms, but challenges fall into core domains that are reliably measured and normally consistent across time, even though specific behaviors may change with development (Lord, 2000).…

    • 2790 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Divalproex Autism

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder found in around 1 in 68 American children (CDC, 2014), appears in early brain development. Children with this illness usually have irregularities in brain parts such as the corpus callosum, amygdala and cerebellum. They face challenges in the following main areas: behavioral, developmental, cognitive and psychological. It is hard for these children to interact and communicate with other people because they often close themselves off and have hard times understanding others’ feelings. It is also hard for them to learning, pay attention and stop certain behaviors. Since being able to interact with one another is one of the most important ability that one should have in the living world and without this…

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Autism Fact Sheet

    • 715 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The cause for autism remains unclear to scientists, although most neurological studies seem to indicate a dysfunction in the brain as a possible reason. Autism has been found in children with brain abnormalities such as congenital rubella syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and tuberous sclerosis (“Autism Fact Sheet”). Autism can also be present in genetic syndromes such as the Fragile X syndrome and phenylketonuria (“Autism Fact Sheet”). Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure or play activities. It is hard for them to relate to the outside world and to communicate with others. Aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present in some cases. They may…

    • 715 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Autism

    • 3304 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Siegel, B., Mays, L. A., & Homen, A. M. (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Gabbard 's…

    • 3304 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Valente, S. (2004). Autism. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 10(5), p. 236-243. Retrieved from…

    • 1384 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    According to the handbook of autism and anxiety the more commonly co-occurring disorders include Intellectual disability (ID), anxiety (e.g., phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder-OCD, panic disorders), mood (depressive disorders, bipolar disorder), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (Baron-Cohen, 2014). Individuals living with autism may experience these co-occurring disorders because of the distress that autism may ensue. Although no known single cause for autism has been identified, studies have provided firm evidence that structural abnormalities exist in the brains of people with autism (Bauman & Kemper 1994; Kemper & Bauman 1998). For example, evidence of reduced neuronal cell size and increased cell-packing density in regions of the limbic system known to be critical to emotional and social behavior. Outside the limbic system, abnormalities have also been found in the cerebellum and in various cortical regions (Bailey et al. 1998a).…

    • 1200 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays