Preview

Essay On Flashbulb Memory

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
630 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Essay On Flashbulb Memory
The phenomena being tested is the delay between experiencing a significant event and recording people’s flashbulb memories. The study recorded measures of some people between four and twenty four hours after September eleventh and memories of other people ten days after. Participants took a comphensive flashbulb memory questionnaire designed by another researcher. The independent variable is the male and female students. The dependent variables is the questionnaires and scales. The study began with fourteen thousand and eighty one participants who were students. Six hundred and ninety seven participants who were part of the first group were given a questionnaire between four and twenty four hours after the attack. The second group was given …show more content…
The number of words were counted based on the participant’s description. The responses weren’t included who didn’t write a response or if it was more words written than other participants. The results indicate wrote more words in two thousand and one than the following April. Which is consistent with other studies of flashbulb memories. Also, the participants who completed the questionnaire ten days after the attack used more words when they first learned about the attack. The group. Researchers argued that participants who completed the questionnaire ten days after September eleventh had more time to retrieve memories as a result of discussions with others and media. The emotional arousal was summed up all the participants into one score. A zero meant the participant had no emotional arousal and twenty was intense emotion. Group one who completed the questionnaire twenty four hours had higher levels of emotional arousal than the ten days later group. The participants who completed the questionnaire in April reported lower emotional arousal. The findings show that emotional arousal from an event can decrease quickly. The memories were scored on a scale. One hundr4ed and forty two participants who completed the questionnaire in two thousand one and April were included. More than thirty percent of the participants provided inaccurate information. More than ten percent couldn’t recall where they were. A composite score for the percentage of memories were considered flashbulb. Sixty six point five percent of participants demonstrated flashbulb memories. Compared to other studies this shows poor

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The 9/11 terrorist attack left many american citizens in a psychological trauma. During President Bush’s speech, he portrayed pathos to convey the effects of this horrifying experience that impacted each and every one of us. In the 9/11 Address to the Nation speech Bush mentioned, “The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge -- huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger,” that revealed a mental image of this horrific…

    • 338 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The premise for the author's argument is that America's high level of panic after 9/11 was actually excessive in relation to the number of deaths. The conclusion is that Americans actually aided the success of the terrorists by giving in to their desire to shake us up so badly.…

    • 530 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    When reading the essay Controlling Irrational Fears After 9/11, the first argument to catch my eye was directed around the strong reaction to the number of deaths, 2800, on 9/11. Americans immediately began to react to the catastrophe of that day. The supposed reason behind this reaction is the number of deaths in the single day when not so much as one bullet was discharged to cause one of the deaths. The author of the essay used two premises to prove the conclusion that the number of deaths was not the sole reason for the reaction of the American people. The first premise is the fact that the number of deaths per month in 2001, and every month since, in America outweigh the number of deaths caused by the terror attacks on 9/11. While there is naturally some reaction to these deaths the reaction is nowhere near as strong or irrational as the response to the attacks. The second premise to support the conclusion is the unlikelihood that Americans remember that also in 2001 another catastrophe occurred, an earthquake in Gujarat,…

    • 491 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Anxiety and stress can be associated with many factors such as, violence and crime. Clifford and Scott (1978) found that participants who saw a film of a violent event remembered less of the information than a control group who saw a less stressful version. However, Yuile and Cutshall (1986) found that witnesses of a real event had accurate memories of what happened. The police interviewed witnesses and thirteen of them were interviewed five months later. Recall was found to be accurate, even after a long period of time. One weakness of this study was that the witnesses who experienced the highest levels of stress where actually present at the event, instead of watching second hand from a film, and this may have helped with the accuracy of their memory recall.…

    • 803 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    9/11 Interviews Summary

    • 425 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Twelve years ago, on September 11th, one of this most tragic events in American history took place. For most, they remember it as if it was yesterday. And for the rest of us, we were too young to understand or remember exactly took place on this horrifying day.…

    • 425 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Flashbulb memory are emotional memories that seem so vivid that people recount them in remarkable, even photogrphic, detail. Another item that may explain Jim's inacccurate detail may be later recollection which is the idea that a memory will change overtime from when the event happened. The source monitoring confusion may have also played a part becuase Jim may not have been clear on the origin of his memory. Phantom flashbulb memory illustrates how many seeming flashbulb memories are false.…

    • 263 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    9/11 Research Paper

    • 741 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The article “The Real New York Giants” shows a lot of memories in it. The whole article, the firefighters talk about how things were before 9/11. They would go every year and play football games against other fire departments around the area. After 9/11, they still played, but they were missing many of their friends who had died in the 9/11 attacks. These men were now only in their memories. This is insightful to me because it shows how attached they were to each other. This was there family. They pushed through the hard times and kept going. It really showed how big of an impact 9/11 had on the people involved. In addition to that article, we read one titled “The Falling Man”. This article had a huge part in talking about memories. This story went into the details of how the restaurants workers would wear certain things to work every day, and who would wear what. They were trying to find who the man was in the falling man picture. The photographer went to different families who could have been the families of the falling man. He would ask them things about their lost family member, such as if they wore an orange shirt to work that day. The people knew whether they did or not, which is amazing that they would remember such a small detail. This is insightful to me because it shows me how something as big as the 9/11 attacks make you remember the smallest things about the…

    • 741 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Flash Research Paper

    • 1765 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The “Flash”, starring Grant Gustin as the “Flash”, features Barry Allen, who is a forensics scientist that was struck by lightning that was caused by a machine that caused a big radiation explosion, and 9 months later Barry wakes up with a special ability. The lightning that struck him, gave him lightning speed, which helps him fight crime. The Flash is often out fighting other “Metahumans” which is the term given to the people with special abilities that were also affected by the explosion. The show is doing very well as far as ratings, as it is one of the most popular shows on its network. What makes these live action superhero shows so great nowadays, is that they are connected. “The Flash” was a spinoff of “Arrow”, which we will talk about…

    • 1765 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    When I hear the date "9/11" I rapidly drown in the saddest kind of nostalgic thoughts and emotions. Although many years have gone by since the devastating events of 9/11, its memory and the feelings it evokes remains immortal. In retrospect, I was five years old during the time of the attacks and I wasn't even living in the United States. Nevertheless, as I was too young to fully understand the magnitude of the attacks, seeing how an event that took place thousands of miles away from me had the ability to bring shock and terror to the people around me, I knew that something terrible had happened. Consequently, I saw some of the consequences of the attacks affecting the world around me. Primarily, I started seeing the the growth of an enormous…

    • 296 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    People are constantly diagnosed with psychological mental disorders on an everyday basis. A common psychological disorder in today’s society is posttraumatic stress, which is a health effect diagnosed with flashbacks. It is a normal disorder people encounter in an everyday basis. We face hardships in life that sometimes may be difficult to control. Everyone may be diagnosed with this mental disorder, depending on what they have been through in life which is known as a traumatic event. Which results into fearful memories that make you jump when loud noises are occurring. This mental disorder causes numerous symptoms, one being the ability to concentrate and perform normally. Posttraumatic…

    • 1162 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Olivarez, B. (2010, April 24). Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve: The Theory of Memory. Retrieved March 30, 2012, from Helping Psychology: http://helpingpsychology.com/ebbinghaus-forgetting-curve…

    • 1599 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    9-11

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Although people say, “every picture tells a story,” a picture cannot exemplify every detail about the event involved in that event. The attack on September, 11 2001 was a turning point in American history. There are many visual representations and written testimonies that lead us to have different feelings about the attack on September 11, 2001; more specifically, the reason behind these different emotions is because there is a vast difference in a testimony of the event, and simply a photo of the attack. It does not matter whether you were involved in the terrifying act or if you simply heard about it on the television; this attack changed everyone’s life. “It affected us, it affects all of us, even if you don’t realize it. I just want everyone to remember that although it’s been 10 years, we still remember it like it was yesterday, and we shouldn’t forget.” (2011)…

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essay On First Responders

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The terrorist attack on 9/11 expanded the role of first responders to also include volunteers, clergy, therapist, construction workers, and citizens in the community. “Studies have demonstrated that, after participating in disaster responses, first responders experience elevated rates of depression, stress disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for months and sometimes years” (Rutkow, 2011). These mental health conditions may also include anger, fear, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, isolation from others, avoidance, intrusions (nightmares and flashbacks) and Psychic number (Reagan, 2015). Many of the 9/11 first responders may have been experiencing psychological issues even though they appeared to be fine at the time or in the months following the attacks. They may have been experiencing some of the symptoms mentioned above but they may have been in denial or simply hiding them from others. Sometimes it is difficult to determine if first responders have a mental health disorders because everyone deals with trauma and stress…

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to this idea, these people might alter their memory of the event to accommodate the new information. Another impact is the re-experiencing the emotions of the trauma as a flashback.…

    • 428 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    September 11 2001

    • 2352 Words
    • 10 Pages

    A Survey of New Yorkers after the Sept.11th, 2001, Terrorist, retrieved from the American Journal of Psychiatry, http://www.neuro.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=176166&RelatedWidgetArtic……

    • 2352 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays