Introduction (250 words); His childhood, upbringing, education, his relationship with his father, mother and siblings, the world’s economic and political situation at the time. Freud’s Influence in psychology and society, e.g., Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Frieberg from a Jewish family. His father’s failure in business caused economic crisis. Family moved to Vienna when Freud was 4 years old. Science was not acceptable to study as Jew so Freud studied medicine.
Main body (1000 words); His theories, studies, patients, findings,
There are important events that especially affected Freud’s later theories. His mother adored him. Freud’s mixed feelings towards his father. Being Jewish isolated his environment.
Psychosexual Development 1- The Oral Stage: 0-1 year, the primary source of satisfaction and pleasure is oral activity (sucking and eating) 2- Anal Stage: 1-3 years. Pleasure comes from defecation. Conflict comes from toilet training. 3- Phallic Stage: 3-6 years. Children become interested in their own genitalia and curious about other people’s genitalia. Conflict comes from the Oedipus complex for boys and Electra complex for girls. 4- Latency Period: 6-12 years. Sexual energy is channelled into socially acceptable activities. Same sex friends also help to overcome sexual feelings. 5- Genital Stage: 12 years and on. Sexual maturation is complete and sexual intercourse becomes a major goal. PSYCHODNAMIC THEORY
The theory emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences, unconscious or repressed thoughts that we cannot voluntarily access, and the conflicts between conscious and unconscious forces that influence our feelings, thoughts, and behaviours.
Techniques to discover the unconscious: Free association, Dream interpretation, Slips of the tongue
Division of the mind
According to Freud there are 3 levels of consciousness;
1) Consciousness: Ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are aware