Estimating Factors of Suicide in the Philippines
Estimating the Factors of Suicides in the Philippines Using a Dynamic Econometric Model Approach
In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in ECOMET2
Submitted by:
Lim, Kevin Shaun Y.
Ong, Bruce Jacob R.
Tumangday, Ronnel G.
V25
Submitted to:
Dr. Cesar Rufino
ECOMET2 Professor
Table of Contents
I. Introduction 2
1.1 Objectives 4 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Scope and Limitations 5
II. Review of Related Literature 6
III. Operational Framework 7
IV. Methodology 8
Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model 9 Error Correction Model 11
4.1 Empirical Analysis 12 Unit Root Test 12 Optimality Lag Test 13 Johansen Test for Cointegration 13 Test for Spurious Regression 13 Test for Autocorrelation 14 Test for Causality 14 Single Equation ECM 14 Estimated Model 15
V. Analysis and Conclusion 17
VI. References 19
Appendix 20
I. Introduction Suicide, defined in the dictionary as the act of taking one 's own life, is a cause of death that is one of the most difficult to analyze. This is mostly because factors that lead to its happening are often attributed to psychological and personal factors, including depression, psychosis, impulsiveness, or even outright philosophical (Lickerman, 2010) which are highly personal and difficult to analyze. Making suicide determination harder are criteria that define reported deaths as suicides. One guide for such determination, the Operational Criteria for the Determination of Suicide (Rosenberg et al., 1988), established that for a death to be regarded as suicide, it must be self-inflicted and intentional, criteria which are not easy to fulfill especially the second, which relies heavily on reliable witnesses and thorough investigation.
Further complicating suicide studies is the
In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in ECOMET2
Submitted by:
Lim, Kevin Shaun Y.
Ong, Bruce Jacob R.
Tumangday, Ronnel G.
V25
Submitted to:
Dr. Cesar Rufino
ECOMET2 Professor
Table of Contents
I. Introduction 2
1.1 Objectives 4 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Scope and Limitations 5
II. Review of Related Literature 6
III. Operational Framework 7
IV. Methodology 8
Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model 9 Error Correction Model 11
4.1 Empirical Analysis 12 Unit Root Test 12 Optimality Lag Test 13 Johansen Test for Cointegration 13 Test for Spurious Regression 13 Test for Autocorrelation 14 Test for Causality 14 Single Equation ECM 14 Estimated Model 15
V. Analysis and Conclusion 17
VI. References 19
Appendix 20
I. Introduction Suicide, defined in the dictionary as the act of taking one 's own life, is a cause of death that is one of the most difficult to analyze. This is mostly because factors that lead to its happening are often attributed to psychological and personal factors, including depression, psychosis, impulsiveness, or even outright philosophical (Lickerman, 2010) which are highly personal and difficult to analyze. Making suicide determination harder are criteria that define reported deaths as suicides. One guide for such determination, the Operational Criteria for the Determination of Suicide (Rosenberg et al., 1988), established that for a death to be regarded as suicide, it must be self-inflicted and intentional, criteria which are not easy to fulfill especially the second, which relies heavily on reliable witnesses and thorough investigation.
Further complicating suicide studies is the
References: Altinanahtar, A., & Halicioglu, F. (2009). A Dynamic Econometric Study of Suicides in Turkey (MPRA Paper No. 15568). Istanbul, Turkey: Yeditepe University. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/15568.html Barstad, A Best, R. (2008). An Introduction to Error Correction Models. Retrieved at Oxford Spring School Website from http://springschool.politics.ox.ac.uk/archive/2008/OxfordECM.pdf Cooper, P.N., & Milroy, C.M. (1995). The Coroner 's System and Under-Reporting of Suicide. Medicine, Science, and the Law, 35(4), 319-26. Daly, M., & Wilson, D. (2008). Happiness, Unhappiness, and Suicide: An Empirical Assessment. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (Working Paper, 2008-18). Gujarati, D.N. & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Johansen, S. (1988). "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol Lamar, J. (2000). Suicides in Japan Reach a Record High. British Medical Journal, 321(7260), 528 Learning Economics (n.d.)Cointegration National Rural Health Alliance Inc. (2009, May). Suicide in Rural Australia. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from nrha.ruralhealth.org.au/cms/uploads/factsheets/fact-sheet-14-suicide.pdf O 'Dea, D., & Tucker, S The Anika Foundation. (2012, October 7). Explaining the Rise in Youth Suicide. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from www.anikafoundation.com/rise_in_suicide.shtml Uy, V. (2012, July 16). Local suicide incidents surge by ten times over past 20 years. InterAkyson. Retrieved from http://www.interaksyon.com/ Yamamura, E