One writing aspect that Edith Wharton used to convey this story to us was her use of symbolism. One symbol used in this book was the red ribbon that Mattie adorned. In such a white and cold environment, such as the winters in Starksfield, red stands out and seems to be a lone beacon in a sea of oblivion. Just as the red ribbon is what stands out in the white winters, Mattie is the guiding light in Ethan's desolate world. Where Zeena blends in with Ethan's dull environment, Mattie is beaming with light, opening the door to new possibilities and a more favorable life. Where Zeena seems old and ill, Mattie appears young, and able. These differences between the two women in the story only perpetuate Ethan's mentality that the grass is greener on the other side. The color red serves duel purposes. Not only was it the color that stood out, but red is also the color which is closely associated with the devil and sin. It is fitting for Mattie to be coupled with the color red, seeing she is Ethan's mistress, an obvious sin.
Ethan feels as if he is living a nightmare, and simply wants to wake up to find Mattie by his side. Even when the house is only occupied by Ethan and Mattie, Zeena is